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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Peracetic Acid Production Pathways Bleaching in the Pulp and Paper Industry
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Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Peracetic Acid Production Pathways Bleaching in the Pulp and Paper Industry
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Dissertation
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Peracetic Acid Production Pathways Bleaching in the Pulp and Paper Industry
2018
Overview
The goal of this research is to assess the environmental impacts of Peracetic Acid (PAA) used as a bleaching agent for bleached kraft pulp production. Pulp bleaching is one of the largest sources of wastewater generation in the pulp and paper industry. PAA is a promising bleaching agent that can be used in the Total Chlorine Free (TCF) bleaching technology to eliminate AOX in effluents, to reduce water consumption and wastewater discharge. Although PAA is considered as an environmentally friendly bleaching agent, few studies have quantified the overall environmental impacts of PAA production and its application as a bleaching agent in TCF compared to the traditional Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) bleaching technology. In this study, a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of kraft pulp production was performed to compare the environmental impacts of pulp bleached by TCF using PAA and by ECF technology using ClO2. The environmental impacts of PAA produced from two different pathways (i.e., acetic acid pathway and triacetin pathway) were assessed. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data was collected from lab experiments using PAA (achieving an average pulp ISO brightness of 84%), process simulation tools (e.g. WinGEMS, Aspen Plus) and LCI databases including Ecoinvent. Nine environmental impacts categories were included in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment analysis (LCIA) and a hotspot analysis was performed to identify the major life cycle stages contributing to the environmental impacts results. Based on the results, compared to a traditional ECF technology, TCF bleaching using PAA produced from the triacetin pathway shows lower environmental impacts in three categories and higher environmental impacts in six categories. Moreover, the TCF bleaching using PAA from the triacetin pathway eliminates AOX from effluents, reduces energy consumption (14%), water consumption (14%) wastewater discharge (16%) and make-up chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (18%) and sodium sulfate (13%). Finally, the hotspot analysis showed that the upstream environmental impacts of the bleaching chemicals were the major processes driving the environmental impacts.
Publisher
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
ISBN
9781392538647, 1392538645
