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Understanding Emergency Operations Center Organization and Operations in a FEMA Region
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Understanding Emergency Operations Center Organization and Operations in a FEMA Region
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Dissertation
Understanding Emergency Operations Center Organization and Operations in a FEMA Region
2022
Overview
Emergency operations centers (EOC) are an essential element in the response and recovery phases of emergency management. EOCs receive and collate information to form situational awareness of the incident. Then, the EOC coordinates and distributes information and resources through a myriad of stakeholders to minimize the loss of life and property. The Federal government established the National Incident Management System (NIMS) to standardize emergency management governance across the United States. However, the diverse nature of counties and states diminishes the magnitude of standardization realized by NIMS implementation. Emergency managers have organized their county EOCs around the Incident Command System (ICS), Emergency Support Functions (ESF), or a hybrid organization model, adding complexity to emergency management governance. This generic qualitative study explored the factors that influenced emergency manager EOC organizational decisions and the factors that influence successful information and resource management at the county level. Twenty-nine county emergency management programs were examined, with 14 emergency managers sharing their experiences regarding EOC structure and performance factors and 21 county emergency operations plans to understand better what influenced the emergency manager’s decision-making processes. Seven constructs emerged that exert influence in the EOC framework. From these constructs, three significant themes surfaced: (a) stakeholder integration, (b) state political geography, and (c) familiarity with a specific emergency management system, which influenced emergency management governance decisions and EOC performance factors. The study's findings provide insight into emergency managers' challenges as they implement and tailor NIMS to local conditions and ensure mission success.
