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Exploring Rust for Embedded and Critical Systems
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Dissertation
Exploring Rust for Embedded and Critical Systems
2020
Overview
The C programming language is perhaps the most widespread in the design of safetycritical systems. However, its adoption suffers from disadvantages because it lacks in safety, entailing extensive and expensive verification processes.There are other programming languages, such as Ada and SPARK, that offer safety features that automatically comply with the current safety standards. Nevertheless, the software industry continues to use C after all and its associated verification process to build safety-critical software.Rust is a modern programming language that promises to soften such insecurities by design, thus improving on the development of safety-critical software. Due to its ownership model, Rust can ensure memory safety at compile time. Because it is a systems programming language, it is also a promising language for embedded systems.The main aim of the project reported in this dissertation is to understand how Rust can alleviate the certification process of safety-critical software, while evaluating its maturity for embedded systems. We analyse in which platforms Rust is available and compare embedded Rust to other languages used in the safety-critical domain. This analysis consists in comparing Rust safety features with coding guidelines commonly used in the software industry.Some case studies are carried out, such as preemptive and cooperative scheduling (both in C and Rust to better understand the programming differences in these languages), a driver for an accelerometer and finally a program that uses the scheduler, the accelerometer and the leds of a micro-controller, where one thread reads acceleration values and another thread turns leds on/off according to such readings.The dissertation ends with an overview of the results obtained. Not only a comparison is given with coding guidelines used in industry, but also concerning the case studies developed. It also anticipates some important work that could be added, as well as some details where Rust could be improved to become prominent in the industry of safety critical software.
