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Calcined Soiled Waste: Performance, Cost and Energy Efficient Pozzolan in Cementitious Building Material
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Calcined Soiled Waste: Performance, Cost and Energy Efficient Pozzolan in Cementitious Building Material
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Calcined Soiled Waste: Performance, Cost and Energy Efficient Pozzolan in Cementitious Building Material
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Dissertation
Calcined Soiled Waste: Performance, Cost and Energy Efficient Pozzolan in Cementitious Building Material
2022
Overview
The pursue for rapid urban and economic development across the globe leads to a steep increase in construction activities involving huge demand of concrete. This study investigates the suitability of converting unwanted Singapore marine clay (SMC) and waste bentonite slurry (WBS) into a sustainable substitution of cement through thermal treatment called calcination, that requires 40% lower temperature than cement production. Material characterisation through various techniques will be employed to examine the suitability of waste clays as a cement substitute. While various influencing factors to compressive strength have been documented in literature, an in-depth understanding is still lacking. This study attempts to fill the gap by examining salient factors (effect of percentage substitution, calcination temperature, particle size and storage conditions on the calcined waste clay) which performance of pozzolan is dependent on. A statistical analysis of factorial regression on the contribution of each influence will provide critical quantitative values to ascertain the significance of each factor to compressive strength. At the same time, this study aims to propose a guideline where calcination techniques can be optimised to achieve the best strength performance of cement-calcined clay mortars. The estimated cost savings, and lower carbon footprint from reduced energy expenditure required by calcination of clays will be assessed and compared to OPC production and commercially produced clay minerals. Lastly, a novel approach of using vacuum technology to reduce calcination temperatures is simultaneously examined.Results indicate that both calcined Singapore marine clay and calcined waste bentonite can optimally replace cement up till 20% replacement level. This is maintained while achieving strength higher than pure mortar, with lower energy requirement and carbon emission. The production of calcined waste clays requires an activation temperature of only 700°C as compared to 1450°C in the manufacturing of cement. Using the proposed novel method of calcination i.e., placing marine clay through thermal treatment in vacuum, activation temperature may be reduced from 1450°C in the manufacturing of cement to 450℃ for calcined under low pressure condition. This 1000°C reduction in temperature will remarkably reduce fossil fuel and energy consumption, lowering our carbon footprint.
