Paper

Unmasking Digital Falsehoods: A Comparative Analysis of LLM-Based Misinformation Detection Strategies

Huang, Tianyi, Yu, Peiyang, Yi, Jingyuan, Xu, Xiaochuan

2025

Overview

The proliferation of misinformation on social media has raised significant societal concerns, necessitating robust detection mechanisms. Large Language Models such as GPT-4 and LLaMA2 have been envisioned as possible tools for detecting misinformation based on their advanced natural language understanding and reasoning capabilities. This paper conducts a comparison of LLM-based approaches to detecting misinformation between text-based, multimodal, and agentic approaches. We evaluate the effectiveness of fine-tuned models, zero-shot learning, and systematic fact-checking mechanisms in detecting misinformation across different topic domains like public health, politics, and finance. We also discuss scalability, generalizability, and explainability of the models and recognize key challenges such as hallucination, adversarial attacks on misinformation, and computational resources. Our findings point towards the importance of hybrid approaches that pair structured verification protocols with adaptive learning techniques to enhance detection accuracy and explainability. The paper closes by suggesting potential avenues of future work, including real-time tracking of misinformation, federated learning, and cross-platform detection models.

• Publisher: Cornell University Library, arXiv.org
• Subject: False information / Federated learning / Large language models / Natural language processing / Real time / Zero-shot learning