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Natural abundance ( delta super(15)N) indicates shifts in nitrogen relations of woody taxa along a savanna-woodland continental rainfall gradient
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Natural abundance ( delta super(15)N) indicates shifts in nitrogen relations of woody taxa along a savanna-woodland continental rainfall gradient
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Journal Article
Natural abundance ( delta super(15)N) indicates shifts in nitrogen relations of woody taxa along a savanna-woodland continental rainfall gradient
2015
Overview
Water and nitrogen (N) interact to influence soil N cycling and plant N acquisition. We studied indices of soil N availability and acquisition by woody plant taxa with distinct nutritional specialisations along a north Australian rainfall gradient from monsoonal savanna (1,600-1,300 mm annual rainfall) to semi-arid woodland (600-250 mm). Aridity resulted in increased 'openness' of N cycling, indicated by increasing delta super(15)N sub(soil) and nitrate:ammonium ratios, as plant communities transitioned from N to water limitation. In this context, we tested the hypothesis that delta super(15)N sub(root xylem sap) provides a more direct measure of plant N acquisition than delta super(15)N sub(foliage). We found highly variable offsets between delta super(15)N sub(foliage) and delta super(15)N sub(root xylem sap), both between taxa at a single site (1.3-3.4 ppt) and within taxa across sites (0.8-3.4 ppt). As a result, delta super(15)N sub(foliage) overlapped between N-fixing Acacia and non-fixing Eucalyptus/Corymbia and could not be used to reliably identify biological N fixation (BNF). However, Acacia delta super(15)N sub(root xylem sap) indicated a decline in BNF with aridity corroborated by absence of root nodules and increasing xylem sap nitrate concentrations and consistent with shifting resource limitation. Acacia dominance at arid sites may be attributed to flexibility in N acquisition rather than BNF capacity. delta super(15)N sub(root xylem sap) showed no evidence of shifting N acquisition in non-mycorrhizal Hakea/Grevillea and indicated only minor shifts in Eucalyptus/Corymbia consistent with enrichment of delta super(15)N sub(soil) and/or decreasing mycorrhizal colonisation with aridity. We propose that delta super(15)N sub(root xylem sap) is a more direct indicator of N source than delta super(15)N sub(foliage), with calibration required before it could be applied to quantify BNF.
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