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Student activism, structural adjustment and the democratic transition in Africa
by
Dawson, Marcelle
, Zeilig, Leo
in
Activism
/ Africa
/ Democratization
/ Higher education
/ Protest movements
/ Social status
/ Structural adjustment
/ Student movements
/ Universities
2008
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Student activism, structural adjustment and the democratic transition in Africa
by
Dawson, Marcelle
, Zeilig, Leo
in
Activism
/ Africa
/ Democratization
/ Higher education
/ Protest movements
/ Social status
/ Structural adjustment
/ Student movements
/ Universities
2008
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Student activism, structural adjustment and the democratic transition in Africa
Journal Article
Student activism, structural adjustment and the democratic transition in Africa
2008
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Overview
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: University students in the period following independence were a transitory social group, who held well-founded expectations of rewarding and high-status employment after graduation. In the 1970s many of these assurances began to erode as countries that had attempted to implement state-led development faced international recession and internal corruption and decay. State funding of higher education by the late 1970s was being targeted for restructuring by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Student activism was affected: while students clung onto a self-conscious elitism, the reality of student poverty and the financial crises of African universities transformed their activism. As well as seeing their status as a privileged group collapse, there was an unprecedented 'convergence of forces' between students and the popular classes. This introduction surveys the role of students, the nature of their protest and their relationship with civil society in the processes that brought about a wave of multi-party elections and democratic struggles in Africa. The article critically intervenes in some of the most important debates on the role of student activism on the continent and introduces the contributions in this special issue devoted to student acitivism. // ABSTRACT IN FRENCH: Les étudiants formaient, dans la période qui a suivi l'indépendance, un groupe social transitoire porteur d'attentes tout à fait fondées de rétribution et de statut social élevé après l'obtention du diplôme. Les années 1970 ont commencé à réduire nombre de ces assurances, alors que les pays qui avaient tenté de mettre en place un développement dirigé par l'Etat se trouvaient confrontés à la récession internationale, à la corruption intérieure et à la décomposition. Le financement par l'Etat de l'enseignement supérieur était, dès la fin des années 1970, la cible des restructurations imposées par la Banque mondiale et le Fond monétaire internationale (FMI). L'activisme étudiant devait en subir les effets : en même temps que les étudiants se raccrochaient à un élitisme auto-satisfait, la réalité de la pauvreté étudiante et les crises financières des universités africaines transformèrent leur activisme. En plus de l'effondrement de leur statut de groupe privilégié, il y avait une 'convergence de forces' sans précédent entre les étudiants et les classes populaires. Cette introduction examine le rôle des étudiants, la nature de leur protestation et leur relation avec la société civile dans le processus qui amena une vague d'élections multipartismes et de luttes pour la démocratie en Afrique. L'article intervient de façon critique dans certains des débats les plus importants sur le rôle de l'activisme étudiant sur le continent et introduit les contributions à cette édition spéciale consacrée à l'activisme étudiant. Reprinted by permission of the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Afica. All rights reserved.
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