Journal Article

In situ deposition of bismuth on pre-anodized screen-printed electrode for sensitive determination of Cd 2+ in water and rice with a portable device

Li, Yongfang, Chen, Xuan, Wang, Zijun, Yi, Zhijian, Wang, Rui

2024

Overview

Electrochemical detection is favorable for the rapid and sensitive determination of heavy metal cadmium. However, the detection sensitivity needs to be further improved, and a portable, low-cost device is needed for on-site detection. Herein, an in-situ bismuth modified pre-anodized screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was developed for Cd determination by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The in-situ bismuth modification enhances the enrichment of Cd , and together with pre-anodization improve the electron transfer rate of electrode, thus enhancing the detection sensitivity. The electrode modification method combines pre-anodization and in-situ bismuth deposition, which is very easy and effective. Furthermore, a self-made PSoC Stat potentiostat coupled with a stirring device was fabricated for portable and low-cost electrochemical detection. After comprehensive optimization, the developed method can reach a testing time of 3 min, a detection limit of 3.55 μg/L, a linear range of 5-100 μg/L, and a recovery rate of 91.7-107.1% in water and rice samples for Cd determination. Therefore, our method holds great promise for the rapid, sensitive and on-site determination of Cd in food samples.

• Subject: Bismuth - analysis / Bismuth - chemistry / Cadmium - analysis / Electrochemical Techniques - instrumentation / Electrochemical Techniques - methods / Electrodes / Food Contamination - analysis / Limit of Detection / Oryza - chemistry / Water - analysis / Water - chemistry / Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis