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Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants
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Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants
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Journal Article
Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations Reduce Tomato Mosaic Virus Severity in Tomato Plants
2025
Overview
Tomato mosaic disease, caused by tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), was studied under naturally elevated [CO
] concentrations to simulate the potential impacts of future climate scenarios on the ToMV-tomato pathosystem. Tomato plants infected with ToMV were cultivated under two distinct [CO
] environments: elevated [CO
] (naturally enriched to approximately 1000 μmol mol
) and ambient [CO
] (ambient atmospheric [CO
] of 420 μmol mol
). Key parameters, including phytopathological (disease index, ToMV gene expression), growth-related (plant height, leaf area), and physiological traits (chlorophyll content, flavonoid levels, nitrogen balance index), were monitored to assess the effects of elevated [CO
]. Elevated [CO
] significantly reduced the disease index from 2.4 under ambient [CO
] to 1.7 under elevated [CO
]. Additionally, viral RNA expression was notably lower in plants grown at elevated [CO
] compared to those under ambient [CO
]. While ToMV infection led to reductions in the chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance index and an increase in the flavonoid levels under ambient [CO
], these physiological effects were largely mitigated under elevated [CO
]. Infected plants grown at elevated [CO
] showed values for these parameters that approached those of healthy plants grown under ambient [CO
]. These findings demonstrate that elevated [CO
] helps to mitigate the effects of tomato mosaic disease and contribute to understanding how future climate scenarios may influence the tomato-ToMV interaction and other plant-pathogen interactions.
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