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The antitumor activity of a novel syntheticchalcone derivative, 20-hydroxy-2,4,60-trimethoxychalcone(1H3MC), was evaluated using the multi-drug-resistanthuman uterine sarcoma MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Treatmentwith 1H3MC reduced P-glycoprotein expression in a timedependentmanner and inhibited MES-SA/Dx5 cell proliferation. Cisplatin alone had no effect on cell viability, butcombined treatment with cisplatin and 1H3MC exhibitedsynergistic cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the combination ofcisplatin and 1H3MC synergistically cleaved both caspase-3 and its substrate protein, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase,which resulted in the fragmentation of genomic DNA, ahallmark of apoptosis. These results suggest that 1H3MC isa promising adjuvant agent for overcoming P-glycoproteinmediatedmulti-drug resistance in cancer cells. KCI Citation Count: 4

Cachexia is a wasting syndrome associated with high mortality in cancer patients through inducing the failure of normal metabolism and reducing the efficacy of cancer treatment. Thus, it is critically important to diagnose cancer cachexia early. To provide background data for the diagnosis of cachexia, cancer cachectic factors were characterized in the present situation, including immunological cachectic changes during cachexia progression in a cancer cachexia mouse model. Major constitution of cachexia progression is known as the stages of pre-cachexia, cachexia, and refractory cachexia. In the pre-cachexia stage, the weights of immune-related organs, including the thymus and spleen were significantly. T cell populations in spleen were markedly reduced and cachectic cytokines consistently increased in a time-dependent manner. Immunosuppression by activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 was induced earlier in CD4 + cells versus other T cell populations. Furthermore, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin-6 levels in the cachexia group were significantly increased at 3 days from C26 cell inoculation whereas significant carcass weight loss as a classical diagnostic marker occurred at 9 days from C26 cell inoculation. In conclusion, the initiation of cachectic immunological changes was observed prior to weight loss, during the pre-cachexia stage. Accordingly, these findings reveal that the monitoring of humoral and immunological factors may be more sensitive than weight loss for the initial diagnosis and treatment of cachexia.