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Metals that are active catalysts for methane (Ni, Pt, Pd), when dissolved in inactive low–melting temperature metals (In, Ga, Sn, Pb), produce stable molten metal alloy catalysts for pyrolysis of methane into hydrogen and carbon. All solid catalysts previously used for this reaction have been deactivated by carbon deposition. In the molten alloy system, the insoluble carbon floats to the surface where it can be skimmed off. A 27% Ni–73% Bi alloy achieved 95% methane conversion at 1065°C in a 1.1-meter bubble column and produced pure hydrogen without CO₂ or other by-products. Calculations show that the active metals in the molten alloys are atomically dispersed and negatively charged. There is a correlation between the amount of charge on the atoms and their catalytic activity.

Purpose - Supply chain network design is an important strategic decision that firms make considering both the short- and long-term consequences of the network's performance. The typical design approach implicitly assumes that, once designed, the facilities and the links will always operate as planned. In reality, however, facilities and the links connecting them, fail from time to time due to poor weather, natural or man-made disasters, or a combination of any other factors. This work aims to propose a design framework that addresses the facility and link failures explicitly by accounting for their impact on a network's performance measures of efficiency and robustness.Design methodology approach - The study incorporated a robustness metric for evaluating the resiliency of supply chains in the case of a network disruption. This robustness metric is based on expected losses incurred due to network failures. It defines efficiency and robustness in terms of operational cost and expected disruption cost (EDC), respectively. The EDC is defined in terms of loss of opportunity cost incurred due to not meeting demand on time after a disruption has occurred. The study used a scenario planning approach and formulated a mixed integer linear program model with the objective of maximizing both efficiency and robustness. It also evaluates the trade-offs between efficiency and robustness.Findings - The resulting supply chain is much more reliable in the long term since we have shown that a significant amount of robustness can be built into the system without compromising a lot on efficiency.Originality value - This work demonstrates a methodology which incorporates such disaster scenarios into the design of a supply chain network. This leads to a more reliable supply chain which would lead to higher profitability and lower disruption rates.

Chemoselective domino ring opening and selective O/S-alkylation of ethers/thioethers over enol C/O alkylation has been observed. Various 2-aryl chromanones/thiochromanones with alkyl/allyl bromides were smoothly converted into the corresponding highly functionalized ethers and thioethers in excellent yields with high selectivity.Graphic abstractAn unusual, chemoselective domino ring opening and selective ether/thioether O/S-alkylation over. An unusual, chemoselective domino ring opening and selective ether/thioether O/S alkylation over enol C/O alkylation has been observed.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome with a variable presentation. We present a case of a 55-year-old female who presented with pain in the bilateral hip region for the last two years. On routine biochemical evaluation, she was found to have hypophosphatemia with an X-ray of the bilateral hip region showing an acute stress fracture in the bilateral intertrochanteric region of the femur. An evaluation for the cause of hypophosphatemia revealed renal phosphate loss with low percentage tubular reabsorption of phosphate (% TRP) of 83% (reference range: 85-95%), with tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption per unit glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) of 2.07 mg/dL (reference range: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL (0.67 mmol/L; range: 0.84-1.23 mmol/L)). Further evaluation revealed elevated levels of intact fibroblast growth factor, 445.7 pg/mL (reference range: 23-95 pg/mL). A 68-Gallium DOTA-1-Nal3-octreotide (DOTANOC) PET-CT revealed a focal increased tracer uptake with a lytic lesion at the lateral metaphyseal aspect of the proximal right tibia, suspicious of somatostatin receptor avid mesenchymal tumor, leading to the diagnosis of TIO. Definitive treatment with complete surgical excision of the tumor was done. Postoperatively, her phosphorus level was within the normal target range even without oral phosphate supplementation. While it is a rare condition, a proper and systemic workup can lead to timely diagnosis and management of this debilitating benign condition.

Avulsion of the optic nerve head is a rare and severe complication of ocular blunt trauma. Herein, we describe a case of 16-year-old boy, who presented with a rare combination of optic nerve avulsion associated with central retinal artery occlusion, following blunt trauma with a leather ball. This report highlights the potential blinding complication following rotational injury.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital endocrine condition characterized by a developmental anomaly of the pituitary gland, leading to deficiencies in anterior pituitary hormones due to the absence or underdevelopment of the pituitary stalk and anterior pituitary gland. An ectopic posterior pituitary; anterior pituitary hypoplasia or aplasia; and a thin, interrupted, or missing pituitary stalk constitute the classic triad of symptoms that define PSIS. PSIS is manifested in various forms and may be identified at different stages of life. PSIS may present as an isolated growth hormone deficiency occurring due to the deficiency of multiple pituitary hormones. Although the exact aetiology remains unknown, genetic mutations are considered a potential causative factor for disease onset. Hormone replacement therapy and early detection of PSIS are essential for preventing long-term consequences. Here, we report three cases in which patients at different stages of life presented with a wide variety of clinical manifestations of PSIS.

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a metabolic condition characterized by excessive calcium excretion in urine without identifiable secondary causes, such as hyperparathyroidism or malignancy. It is a significant clinical entity due to its association with kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis, and osteoporosis, leading to reduced quality of life and long-term complications. This comprehensive review discusses the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and management approaches for IH. The disorder arises from a multifaceted interplay of renal, intestinal, and skeletal factors. Impaired renal tubular calcium reabsorption, heightened intestinal calcium absorption, and increased bone resorption are key contributors to its pathogenesis. Genetic predispositions, including mutations in calcium-regulating receptors and transporters, further complicate its etiology. Patients often present with kidney stones, bone pain, or reduced bone mineral density, although asymptomatic cases are not uncommon. Diagnosing IH requires a thorough evaluation to exclude secondary causes, with 24-hour urinary calcium excretion serving as a crucial diagnostic marker. Management focuses on mitigating complications and improving quality of life through hydration, dietary modifications, and pharmacological therapy. Thiazide diuretics are the cornerstone of treatment, effectively reducing urinary calcium levels and preventing stone formation. Adjunctive measures include citrate supplementation and lifestyle interventions such as weight management and adequate physical activity. For patients with severe nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis, surgical intervention may be necessary. Despite significant advancements, IH remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its diverse clinical presentations and underlying mechanisms. A multidisciplinary approach, incorporating tailored medical and dietary strategies, is essential for optimal management. Future research into its genetic and molecular basis holds promise for developing more targeted interventions and improving patient outcomes. This review aims to provide a practical, up-to-date guide for clinicians managing this complex yet common metabolic disorder.

[1] Despite the huge demand for public health doctors in India, the framework of public health remains unsatisfactory.Since the birth of public health administration in 1869, with establishment of community medicine departments in 1955 to promotion of Public Health as an essential requirement for health promotion the subject had roller coaster ride facing challenges about its name, role and future.Almost 40% said clearly DO NOT LIKE SPM (Community Medicine) and THEY ARE NOT INTERESTED, 20% were clueless about subject, good number cited it is boring, boring and boring, other reasons were, of course, clinical orientation, they feel branch has no scope with low salary and low satisfaction, rural work, no role models.A decade ago, the World Health Organization (SEARO meeting, 2005) has highlighted that \"medical graduates who enter the specialty of public health face major handicaps compared with those selecting other specialties.

The rapid adoption of conversational artificial intelligence in enterprise environments has intensified the need for scalable, reliable, and governable large language model (LLM) infrastructures. This study investigates cloud-native distributed LLM platforms designed to support multi-agent conversational AI within enterprise architectures. Using a design science and experimental evaluation approach, the research analyzes how agent specialization, cloud-native orchestration, and governance mechanisms influence system performance, conversational quality, and operational resilience. The results show that multi-agent configurations significantly reduce response latency, increase throughput, and improve task completion accuracy compared to single-agent deployments. Autoscaling and container orchestration enable stable performance under increasing user load, while integrated governance controls enhance policy compliance with acceptable performance trade-offs. The findings demonstrate that cloud-native multi-agent LLM platforms effectively balance scalability, quality, and governance requirements, offering a practical architectural model for enterprise-grade conversational AI deployment.

The invention of the latest tools and technology toward computer aided graphics and drawing completely change the thinking view of researchers in analyzing and studying the behavior of a dynamical system. Inspired by work already performed and by adopting the experimental mathematical methods of combining the theory of analytic function with computer aided drawing technology, we generated generalized superior Mandelbrot sets ( SM -sets). Also, we analyzed the effect of dynamic noise on SM -sets.