Explore the vast range of titles available.

Objective This study aimed to assess the influence of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) device type, voxel resolution, and segmentation software on the accuracy of tooth volume measurements. Materials and methods Thirty extracted single-rooted human incisor teeth were included. Physical volumes were determined using the Archimedes water displacement method (WDM) as the gold standard. Each tooth was scanned using two CBCT devices (Planmeca Promax 3D-Mid and NewTom 5G-XL) at two voxel sizes (0.1-mm and 0.2-mm). Segmentation was performed using two semi-automatic software programs: 3D Slicer and ITK-SNAP. Volumetric deviations from WDM were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, with the significance level set at p  < 0.05. Results Although the differences between the two CBCT devices ( p  = 0.431) and voxel sizes ( p  = 0.070) were not statistically significant, a trend toward improved volumetric accuracy was noted with the Planmeca Promax 3D-Mid device and the 0.1 mm voxel size. In contrast, a statistically significant difference was found between the segmentation programs ( p  < 0.001). ITK-SNAP consistently produced higher volume deviations compared to both 3D Slicer and the gold-standard WDM. The most accurate results were achieved using the Planmeca Promax 3D-Mid device, a 0.1 mm voxel size, and the 3D Slicer software, with no statistically significant deviation from WDM ( p  = 0.467). Conclusion CBCT device selection and voxel size (0.1-mm vs. 0.2-mm) did not significantly affect volumetric accuracy in single-rooted incisor teeth. However, the choice of segmentation software played a critical role, with 3D Slicer providing measurements closest to the gold standard. These findings highlight the importance of software selection in CBCT-based volumetric measurements for dental applications, though the results may be limited to teeth with similar anatomical complexity (e.g., single-rooted incisors).

PurposeThe main aim of the present study was to investigate the dimensions and morphological appearance of the sella turcica in cleft lip and palate patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, compared to non-cleft individuals.MethodsCBCT images of 40 (20 females and 20 males) cleft lip and palate patients and 60 (27 males and 33 females) non-cleft individuals were assessed, retrospectively. The linear dimensions (depth, diameter and length) of the sella turcica and inter-clinoid distance were measured. Sella turcica shapes were examined in the cleft lip and palate patients and non-cleft individuals. Non-cleft individuals were divided into skeletal malocclusion classes. All variables were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U tests and Chi-square test.ResultsNo significant difference was observed between individuals with and without cleft in the linear dimensions (depth, diameter and length) of the sella turcica (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found in the inter-clinoid distance between patients with cleft and non-cleft individuals (p < 0.05). Comparison of the sella turcica shape between skeletal malocclusion classes and patients with cleft showed significant differences (p < 0.05).ConclusionsNo significant difference was determined in the depth, diameter, or length of the sella turcica in cleft patients when compared with non-cleft individuals. The inter-clinoid distance was lower in cleft patients than in non-cleft individuals, and this difference was statistically significant.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the dimensional measurements of the mandible, mandibular dental arch parameters, and the impaction of mandibular third molars (M3M) using three-dimensional images. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed cone beam computed tomography images (CBCT) of 90 M3M of 63 patients (29 males and 34 females aged 18-46 years). Impacted teeth were classified according to Pell-Gregory and Winter's classifications. The relationship between gonial angle, retromolar distance, dental arch parameters, and the position of the mandibular third molar was analyzed. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Inter-canine width, inter-premolar width, and arch length were significantly associated with the depth positions of M3M impaction (Pell-Gregory classification) (p< .05). Similarly, arch length was significantly greater in more superficial impaction groups. The retromolar space showed significant differences among ramus classification groups (p< .05). No significant association was found between gonial angle and M3M impaction across depth positions or ramus classifications. Additionally, while mesioangular impaction was the most common angulation type (57.7%), no significant differences in mandibular morphometric parameters were identified based on angulation categories. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that M3M impaction significantly influences mandibular dental arch parameters such as inter-canine width, inter-premolar width, and arch length. Three-dimensional examination with CBCT in the evaluation of M3M teeth provides valuable information for surgical planning and orthodontic treatment.

Background This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of the skull base and the pterygomaxillary junction (PMJ) in relation to the orbit in individuals with various skeletal deformitiesand cleft lip and palate (CLP). Methods Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients classified into four groups (Class I, II, III, and CLP) were analyzed. Various anatomical measurements of the PMJ, skull base, and orbital structures were assessed. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed to identify significant morphological differences. Results Significant variations in PMJ morphology were observed among the study groups. The mean anterior length was significantly greater in patients with CLP ( p  = 0.000), whereas the posterior length was greater in Class III patients ( p  = 0.042). The thinnest pterygomaxillary region was found in Class III patients ( p  = 0.002). The width of the maxillary tuberosity, the distance from the superior orbital fissure (SOF)-PMJ and the orbital canal (OC)-PMJ, and the distance between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates on both sides were the lowest in the CLP group ( p  < 0.05). The angle of the PMJ was the highest in the Class II group ( p  = 0.014), whereas the distance between the lateral plates at the hamulus level was the lowest in the Class II group. ( p  = 0.005) Conclusion Our study highlights notable anatomical differences in the PMJ among individuals with skeletal malocclusion and CLP. These variations are clinically relevant for preoperative planning in Le Fort I osteotomy, particularly in reducing the risk of unfavorable fractures and ophthalmic complications. These findings underscore the importance of individualized surgical approaches based on anatomical assessments.

Background When foreign bodies in the human body are not diagnosed (detected), it can cause various inflammatory reactions. Therefore, they should be detected and removed immediately. Taking a detailed patient history, performing a clinical examination, and selecting the appropriate imaging method are important for detection. The location, structure, and size of the foreign body affect the choice of radiography technique. This study aims to compare the detectability, measurement accuracy, and acoustic behaviors of various foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Ultrasonography (US) under ex vivo conditions. Methods Foreign bodies (wood, amalgam, glass, tooth, graphite, composite, plastic, and stone) and orthodontic materials (Elgiloy wire, TMA wire, stainless steel wire, stainless steel bracket, and ceramic bracket) with different sizes were placed on the mandibular cortical bone and in the tongue of a sheep’s head. Foreign bodies’ visibility and diameter measurements were made with CBCT and US. Data were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-order test, the Friedman test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results CBCT demonstrated superior inter- and intra-observer agreement, while the US exhibited higher sensitivity (95.4%) in detecting foreign bodies. CBCT failed to visualize plastic and wood, whereas the US successfully detected all materials. Larger foreign bodies could be detected more easily with both imaging methods. There was no statistically significant difference between the diameters of the foreign bodies measured on CBCT and US and their actual diameters ( p  > 0.05). Posterior acoustic enhancement was detected in glass, amalgam, stainless steel wire, and stainless steel brackets, while posterior acoustic shadowing was observed in teeth, composite, plastic, and stone. Conclusions CBCT is optimal for radiopaque foreign body detection, whereas the US excels in identifying radiolucent materials. All foreign bodies could be visualized with US, wood and plastic could not be observed with CBCT. As the size of the foreign body increased, it could be observed more clearly on both CBCT and US. The foreign body sensitivity of the US was higher than that of the CBCT. These findings suggest that CBCT is preferable for identifying metalic and dense radiopaque foreign bodies, while the US may be beneficial in detecting radiolucent materials such as wood and plastic.

Objective In cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), voxel resolution and size directly affect image quality. This study aimed to analyze the effect of voxel resolution on the linear and volumetric measurements of tooth and pulp in three-dimensional images obtained with different voxel sizes and to test the repeatability of these measurements. Materials and methods CBCT images of 30 extracted single-rooted permanent teeth were obtained using 3 different voxel sizes (0.1-, 0.2-, 0.4-mm). Two observers performed volumetric and linear measurements of pulp and teeth using semi-automatic segmentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric tests. For interobserver reliability, the Wilcoxon signed test and Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient were used. The intraobserver repeatability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results Friedman test showed no significant difference ( p  > 0.05) in volumetric measurements between different voxels in one of the observers, but a significant difference was found in the pulp volume measurement in the other ( p  < 0.001). The voxel sizes did not affect the linear measurements of both observers ( p  > 0.05). The interclass reliability (Wilcoxon signed test and Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient) and intraobserver repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient) decreased as the voxel size increased for linear and volumetric measurements of tooth and pulp ( p  > 0.05). While the values indicated “good” and “excellent” reliability for all parameters measured on the 0.1- and 0.2-mm voxels, a few “moderate” reliability values were found on the 0.4-mm voxel. Conclusion Voxel sizes of 0.1- and 0.2-mm did not significantly affect linear and volumetric tooth measurements. When the voxel size increased, the reliability and repeatability decreased. To increase measurement reliability, the voxel size should be as small as possible.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the length of the infundibulum and ostium height with the anatomic variations of osteomeatal complex (OMC) and sinus pathology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 204 patients (408 maxillary sinuses) were evaluated retrospectively. The height of the ostium and the length of the infundibulum were measured. The presence of maxillary sinus pathology, nasal septal deviation, Haller cells, concha bullosa, and sinus septa were analyzed. The correlation between the size of the maxillary sinus drainage system and anatomic variations was compared using the t test, Fisher’s exact test, and χ 2 test. The effect of tooth loss on the length of the infundibulum and ostium height was also analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The height of the ostium and the maximal septal deviation angle were found to be significantly greater in males (p < 0.05). As ostium height increased, the presence of maxillary sinus septa increased (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was detected between other variations and the length of infundibulum or ostium height. The relationship between tooth loss and both the length of the infundibulum and ostium height were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Radiographic examination, especially on CBCT images, is important for an evaluation of maxillary sinuses. here, we demonstrated a significant relationship between ostium height and the presence of maxillary sinus septa. However, it was found that nasal septal deviation, concha bullosa, Haller cells, and other sinusopathies did not have a major effect on the size of the maxillary sinus drainage system.

In the original publication of the article, the given name and family name of the author were swapped. The correct author name is given in this erratum,

Objective: This study assessed the opinions and attitudes of dentomaxillofacial (DMF) radiology physicians worldwide about informed consent in terms of oral radiology applications. Methods: DMF radiology physicians in various countries were invited to this study via e-mail. The participants answered their demographic information (gender, age, years of experience, title, institution, and country), and questions about informed consent. The Pearson chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for statistical analysis Results: From 22 countries, 46 male (51.7%) and 43 female (48.3%) DMR radiology physicians completed the questionnaire. More than half of the participants (53.9%) were working in the university hospital, and the highest number of participants (32.6%) was from the European region. Most of the surveyors (70.8%) stated that consent is required in dental radiology. No statistically significant difference was found in the radiographic methods (intraoral, panoramic/extraoral, and cone-beam CT) applied in terms of obtaining consent (p > 0.05). While middle-aged physicians (30 –45 age) thought that patients should not be informed about the risk of radiation causing cancer, experienced participants (45 age and above) stated that information should be given about the cancer risk (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most of the DMF radiology physicians stated that they have responsibility for getting informed consent and only one-third of the participants inform patients about the risks of radiation.

In this work, we examine the simplicial morphisms homotopies. Firstly, we give the homotopy of free simplicial morphisms and later show that this homotopy relation indicates an equivalence. Then we obtain a groupoid, the simplicial morphisms between two fixed 1-truncated simplicial algebras (with free domain) are the objects, and the homotopies between this simplicial morphisms are the morphisms of this groupoid.