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ZnO microwires of two different cross-sectional profiles were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, and their morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Their cross-sectional hexagonal profile could be tuned from straight to curved sides, by regulating the ZnO:graphite powder ratio used during synthesis. The ZnO microwires had hexagonal profiles with curved sides at a higher graphite ratio, and hexagonal profiles with straight sides at a lower graphite ratio. The higher graphite ratio was speculated to lower the growth rate from center to hexagonal sides, relative to the corners. The ZnO microwires were fabricated into gas sensors, and their sensing characteristics towards ethanol gas were investigated. The sensor based on a ZnO microwire with curved sides exhibited superior ethanol sensing performance than that based on a microwire with straight sides, which was attributed to the higher surface-to-volume ratio of the curved-side microwire. The sensor based on a ZnO microwire with curved sides was stable, and exhibited rapid response and recovery times. The straight-forward and economical fabrication of the gas sensor at room temperature makes it attractive for practical application.

Discussion Over the last two decades, the increased awareness of obesity and its' related morbidities contributed to the perception of NAFLD in bariatric patients as well as in general population. Since obese patients are more likely to experience fat deposition in their livers,11 they have been investigated by multiple studies screening for NAFLD. According to the Jordan demographic health survey (2009),17 the overall prevalence of overweight was 30 per cent. In a single large, multivariable analysis of two cohorts of patients, the association between duration of adiposity and risk of type 2 DM in US women was assessed; Both overweight and obesity duration carried a significantly higher risk of Type 2 DM.23 NASH is recognized as one of the leading causes of cirrhosis in adults.24 A comparison study suggested that NASH has a fibrotic potential similar to that of chronic hepatitis C after adjustment for fibrotic confounders.25 Argo and colleagues observed bridging fibrosis in 25-33 per cent of NASH patients at diagnosis, including cirrhosis in 10-15 per cent.26 Our study showed that fibrosis was present in association with NASH in 29 per cent of cases. Since 2004, the number of adults with NASH awaiting liver transplants has almost tripled in the United States. [...]comparing our results to these studies was not amenable.

Computer networks are compromised by various unpredictable factors, such as hackers, viruses, spam, faults, and system failures, hindering the full utilization of computer systems for collaborative computing — one of the objectives for the next generation of the Internet. It includes the functions of data communication, resource sharing, group cooperation, and task allocation. One popular example of collaborative computing is grid computing.