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Written Translation and Simultaneous Interpreting between the Self and the Other When Translation and Interpreting become a tool for convergence among peoples\" The study addresses, through research and analysis, the problematic issue of \"the self\" and \"the other\" from the perspective of written translation and simultaneous interpreting with the purpose to realize convergence between Arab peoples, in particular, and the other peoples worldwide, in general. The study falls into two parts. In Part I entitled \"The other is the self\", we prove, through study, analysis and the examples derived from the election field in both French and Arabic languages, that we can linguistically secure convergence between \"the other\" and \"the self\" through written and oral translation. This is feasible through the implementation of a strategy, we called, \"Lingual Fraternity and Localization Strategy\". This strategy aims to realize convergence between the dialects of the \"other\" Arab and \"the self\" on paper or through the simultaneous interpreting microphone. This shall eventually create a state of friendship, harmony and love between \"the other\" and \"the self\". In Part II entitled \"The self is the other\", we proceed with the implementation of the same strategy through examining the methods of translation and interpreting used to address some terms and concepts that relate to Islamic banking. The purpose is to redress the misconception of the West about Islam on one hand; and prove, on the other hand, that the Islamic banking system shares numerous positive concepts with the Western banking system.

This research attempts to criticize, explain and analyze what simultaneous interpretation is .its types, mechanisms and theories. It explores simultaneous interpretationteaching methodologies - which have several shortcomings in our Egyptian universities. The research then provides applied and practical solutions. Making reference to previous theoretical studies for western theorists who have wide experience in the field of simultaneous interpretation (teaching and practice).such as Danica Seleskovich .Marianne Lederer. Daniel Gile .It also cites acmal endeavoures of training and teaching students carried out by prestigious European instimtions specialized in the field .such asthe higher university of interpretation and translation in France (ESIT) .The research explains in detail important theories in the field of teaching simultaneous interpretation ; for instance . the theory of \"Meaning\" (The interpretative theory in translation for Danica Seleskovich and Marianne Lederer ) and the theory of \"Effort models \" for Daniel Gile .Based 011 the researcher' s experience as a practitioner of simultaneous inteipretation.the research submits proposals concerning the teaching methodologies of simultaneous interpretation. The research begins withoutlining the issue in point and defining it (poor performance of Egyptian universities fresh graduates) Ixi the first part, the research provides a description and an analysis of the concept of oral interpretation explaining its three types (consecutive. At sight and simultaneous) .It then concludes with solutions, proposals and recommendations regarding training and qualifying students for conference interpreting.

La traduction joue un rôle crucial dans le processus communicationnel entre les différentes nationalités et rapproche ainsi les visions entre les diverses cultures à travers le monde, les générations et l'Histoire. Ainsi, notre corpus est d'une extrême particularité puisque le récit original, objet de notre analyse, est rédigé par un écrivain franco-libanais. Autrement dit, un auteur dont les origines arabophones se reflètent nécessairement d'une manière ou d'une autre dans la rédaction du roman même si on ne l'admet que partiellement. La traductrice du corpus arabe, partageant les mêmes origines libanaises que l'auteur, assume une tâche critique: celle de transcoder une oeuvre ciblant un lecteur occidental et l'adapter à un lecteur arabophone. La volée linguistique est alors scrutée attentivement dans le processus traductologique pour étudier comment Nahla Baydoun, la traductrice, a pu transférer la particularité linguistique, langagière et culturelle d'une représentation identitaire d'immigrants qui - par leur hybridité intellectuelle - éprouvent des sentiments contradictoires tels que la nostalgie et le refus vis-à-vis de leur passé et de leur patrie. L'oeuvre de Amin Maalouf et sa traduction vers l'arabe constituent donc deux corpus où identité hybride et culture s'imbriquent et sont mises sous la sellette dans le cadre d'une étude contrastive. L'adjectif qualificatif et les déictiques dans ces corpus sont les deux axes linguistiques fondamentaux dont nous étudions la traduction afin d'analyser les modalités interprétatives du roman Les Désorientés et traduire l'image du monde arabe dans les yeux d'un écrivain immigrant francolibanais. Analyser la traduction de la localisation spatiale et de la référence déictique dans le roman Les Désorientés tente de répondre à nos questionnements: comment l'adjectif qualifiant un espace est-il révélateur de la psychologie contradictoire et l'identité hybride des héros du roman? Quelles étaient les méthodes traductologiques et linguistiques auxquelles Baydoun a eu recours en traduisant? Et comment a-t-elle pu transmettre l'hybridité identitaire des personnages à travers ses choix terminologiques équivalents? Dans le présent travail, nous tenterons de répondre à ces problématiques

Background Cytological screening remains a high-impact practice, particularly in low-resource settings, for preventing cervical cancer. The examination of screening practices over time and the prevalence of epithelial abnormalities have not been investigated in longitudinal studies in one of the largest countries in the Middle East and Africa. Methods Routine healthcare data, between March 1981 and December 2022, were extracted from the database of the Early Cancer Detection Unit in a tertiary referral university hospital in the Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. Cervical smears were obtained using a standardized technique and sent to the cytopathology laboratory for conventional cytology examination by expert pathologists. The anonymous data were analyzed to determine the temporal trend of the number of women screened each year and the prevalence of epithelial abnormalities. Results Data included the results of satisfactory smears from 95120 women. The mean age (SD) of the women at the time of screening was 38.5 (10.5). None of the included women received an HPV vaccine. Abnormal epithelial cells were reported in 5174 women (5.44%). Of these epithelial abnormalities, the majority were low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 4144 women (4.36%). Other abnormalities included atypical squamous cells in 378 women (0.40%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 226 women (0.24%), atypical glandular cells not otherwise specified in 184 women (0.19%), adenocarcinoma in 165 women (0.17%), squamous cell carcinoma in 70 women (0.07%), and atypical glandular cells favoring neoplasms in 7 women (0.01%). Women who were at an early age at first intercourse, those who opted for routine cervical cytology screening, and those who were older at screening were more likely to have epithelial abnormalities. The yearly number of screened women was positively associated with the detection of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (correlation coefficient [95% CI] = 0.84 [0.72, 0.91]) and negatively associated with the detection of squamous cell carcinoma (correlation coefficient [95% CI] = -0.55 [-0.73, -0.29]). Conclusions The small number of annually screened Egyptian women and the temporal trend in epithelial abnormalities critically demonstrate the need for establishing and scaling up a structured population-based program to achieve the goal of eliminating cervical cancer.