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Issues, Impacts, and Mitigations of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Building Sector
Climate change has become a considerable concern for humanity during this anthropocentric era. Scientists believe that the rate of global warming and climate change varies directly with the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. Urbanization is happening at a higher rate in this era than in any other generation. It was reported that the building sector plays a critical role in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. Construction of buildings, operation, and utilization of the built environment has led to emissions of a large number of CO2 into the ambient air. Various issues and challenges arise from the building sector in reducing CO2 emissions. The exploitation of non-renewable energy resources, poor building design, and lack of sustainability consideration in urbanization has been holding back CO2 emission mitigation measures in the building sector. Therefore, CO2 emission mitigation plans and schemes are necessary alongside standardized frameworks and guidelines. The strategies to reduce CO2 in the building sector are enforcing standards and policy, conducting impact assessment, adopting low carbon technology, and restricting energy utilization. All stakeholders must play their roles efficiently to reduce CO2 emissions and aid in the fight against climate change.
Journal Article
Palm tree disease detection and classification using residual network and transfer learning of inception ResNet
Agriculture has become an essential field of study and is considered a challenge for many researchers in computer vision specialization. The early detection and classification of plant diseases are crucial for preventing growing diseases and hence yield reduction. Although many state-of-the-artwork proposed various classification techniques for plant diseases, still face many challenges such as noise reduction, extracting the relevant features, and excluding the redundant ones. Recently, deep learning models are noticeable as hot research and are widely used for plant leaf disease classification. Although the achievement with these models is notable, still the need for efficient, fast-trained, and few-parameters models without compromising on performance is inevitable. In this work, two approaches of deep learning have been proposed for Palm leaf disease classification: Residual Network (ResNet) and transfer learning of Inception ResNet. The models make it possible to train up to hundreds of layers and achieve superior performance. Considering the merit of their effective representation ability, the performance of image classification using ResNet has been boosted, such as diseases of plant leaves classification. In both approaches, problems such as variation of luminance and background, different scales of images, and inter-class similarity have been treated. Date Palm dataset having 2631 colored images with varied sizes was used to train and test the models. Using some well-known metrics, the proposed models outperformed many of the recent research in the field in original and augmented datasets and achieved an accuracy of 99.62% and 100% respectively.
Journal Article
Amharic dictionary & phrasebook
This combination Amharic phrasebook and two-way Amharic-English dictionary is an essential reference for visitors to Ethiopia. The Hippocrene Dictionary & Phrasebook series allows you be a traveler, not a tourist, by connecting with the local culture and people in their native language. Amharic is the official working language of Ethiopia, with approximately 30 million speakers. Amharic is the second most widely spoken Semitic language in the world after Arabic. Unlike Arabic, however, Amharic is written left-to-right and uses a distinct script called Ge'ez script. This unique, two-part resource provides travelers to Ethiopia with the tools they need for daily interaction. The bilingual dictionary has a concise vocabulary for everyday use, and the phrasebook allows instant communication on a variety of topics. Ideal for businesspeople, travelers, students, and aid workers, this guide includes: 4,000 dictionary entries with Amharic script, transliteration and English translation; phonetics that are intuitive for English speakers; essential phrases on topics such as introductions, transportation, dining out, business, and emergencies; and concise grammar and pronunciation sections. For 45 years, Hippocrene Books has specialized in bringing the world to our readers. The Hippocrene Dictionary & Phrasebook series allows you be a traveler, not a tourist, by connecting with the local culture and people in their native language. Currently available in 86 languages, including Arabic, Bengali, Cantonese, Thai, Punjabi, Swahili, and Oromo.
Book
Rate of Intensive Care Unit admission and outcomes among patients with coronavirus: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
The rate of ICU admission among patients with coronavirus varied from 3% to 100% and the mortality was as high as 86% of admitted patients. The objective of the systematic review was to investigate the rate of ICU admission, mortality, morbidity, and complications among patients with coronavirus.
A comprehensive strategy was conducted in PubMed/Medline; Science direct and LILACS from December 2002 to May 2020 without language restriction. The Heterogeneity among the included studies was checked with forest plot, χ2 test, I2 test, and the p-values. All observational studies reporting rate of ICU admission, the prevalence of mortality and its determinants among ICU admitted patients with coronavirus were included and the rest were excluded.
A total of 646 articles were identified from different databases and 50 articles were selected for evaluation. Thirty-seven Articles with 24983 participants were included. The rate of ICU admission was 32% (95% CI: 26 to 38, 37 studies and 32, 741 participants). The Meta-Analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of mortality in patients with coronavirus disease in ICU was 39% (95% CI: 34 to 43, 37 studies and 24, 983 participants).
The Meta-Analysis revealed that approximately one-third of patients admitted to ICU with severe Coronavirus disease and more than thirty percent of patients admitted to ICU with a severe form of COVID-19 for better care died which warns the health care stakeholders to give attention to intensive care patients.
This Systematic review and Meta-Analysis was registered in Prospero international prospective register of systemic reviews (CRD42020177095) on April 9/2020.
Journal Article
Towards Optimal Power Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Real-Time: A Review on Methods, Challenges, and State-Of-The-Art Solutions
In light of increasing alerts about limited energy sources and environment degradation, it has become essential to search for alternatives to thermal engine-based vehicles which are a major source of air pollution and fossil fuel depletion. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), encompassing multiple energy sources, are a short-term solution that meets the performance requirements and contributes to fuel saving and emission reduction aims. Power management methods such as regulating efficient energy flow to the vehicle propulsion, are core technologies of HEVs. Intelligent power management methods, capable of acquiring optimal power handling, accommodating system inaccuracies, and suiting real-time applications can significantly improve the powertrain efficiency at different operating conditions. Rule-based methods are simply structured and easily implementable in real-time; however, a limited optimality in power handling decisions can be achieved. Optimization-based methods are more capable of achieving this optimality at the price of augmented computational load. In the last few years, these optimization-based methods have been under development to suit real-time application using more predictive, recognitive, and artificial intelligence tools. This paper presents a review-based discussion about these new trends in real-time optimal power management methods. More focus is given to the adaptation tools used to boost methods optimality in real-time. The contribution of this work can be identified in two points: First, to provide researchers and scholars with an overview of different power management methods. Second, to point out the state-of-the-art trends in real-time optimal methods and to highlight promising approaches for future development.
Journal Article
Healthcare Transformation in Saudi Arabia: An Overview Since the Launch of Vision 2030
Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 has taken a centre stage in the development of its healthcare sector through privatization adopting Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). The objective of this study is to provide an overview of healthcare transformation in Saudi Arabia since the launch of the ambitious Vision 2030, identifying issues those need to be addressed and steps taken towards provision of health systems transformation. Literature review was based on extensive review of published and unpublished articles, where different search engines and databases searched using the key words: ‘Saudi Healthcare’, ‘Healthcare transformation’, ‘Saudi vision: 2030’, ‘Public-Private Partnerships’ and ‘Privatization’, in addition to secondary data as published in government reports, policy, government strategy documents and pertinent press releases. The future of the healthcare like many other developing economies continues to weigh policies for universal coverage while containing costs and the national transformation programme driven by social and economic factors has implemented strategic steps to develop its private healthcare system that includes: establishing health clusters, National Centre for Privatization & PPP – an official enabler for privatization of all government sectors and recently approved Private Sector Participation (PSP) Law involves several legislative enablers designed to enhance investor confidence in the privatization process. Although this study demonstrates systemic legislative progress to facilitate transformation process of healthcare sector, also endorses caution and research in identifying barriers to the implementation of PPPs, Saudi workforce development, implementing effective revenue cycle management function for healthcare reimbursement and ensuring vulnerable population access to good quality and tertiary healthcare. As healthcare of Saudi Arabia embarks on the transformation journey facing daunting challenges, but it appears that the government has laid out a roadmap with the legislative framework; however it is important that there is ongoing monitoring with adjustments as this complex and multifaceted process proceeds.
Journal Article