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"Allen, K. A."
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Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) with the Use of Visual Supports for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Validity and Reliability
The validity and reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) were measured, taking into consideration the preference for visual learning of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The TGMD-3 was administered to 14 children with ASD (4–10 years) and 21 age-matched typically developing children under two conditions: TGMD-3 traditional protocol, and TGMD-3 visual support protocol. Excellent levels of internal consistency, test–retest, interrater and intrarater reliability were achieved for the TGMD-3 visual support protocol. TGMD-3 raw scores of children with ASD were significantly lower than typically developing peers, however, significantly improved using the TGMD-3 visual support protocol. This demonstrates that the TGMD-3 visual support protocol is a valid and reliable assessment of gross motor performance for children with ASD.
Journal Article
The George Bell-Gerhard Leibholz correspondence : in the long shadow of the Third Reich, 1938-1958
George Bell was one of the most significant British church leaders of the mid-20th century and in many ways he came to define the involvement of British church people with the issues which arose from the Third Reich. 'The George Bell-Gerhard Leibholz Correspondence' presents the extensive correspondence between George Bell and Gerhard Leibholz, the brother-in-law of Dietrich Bonhoeffer and one of the most senior German lawyers of the period. The two figures encountered each other in the context of dictatorship, exile and political intervention and together they fashioned a vigorous moral response to the crises of Nazism, Soviet communism, total war and cold war.
Book
Replicating an effective VA program to train and support family caregivers: a hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation design
Background
Caring for a growing aging population using existing long-term care resources while simultaneously supporting and educating family caregivers, is a public health challenge.
We describe the application of the Replicating Effective Programs (REP) framework, developed by the Centers for Disease Control Prevention and used in public health program implementation, to scale up an evidence-based family caregiver training intervention in the Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system.
Methods
From 2018 to 2020, clinicians at eight VA medical centers received REP-guided implementation including facilitation, technical assistance, and implementation tools to deliver the training program. The project team used the REP framework to develop activities across four distinct phases – (1) pre-conditions, (2) pre-implementation, (3) implementation, and (4) maintenance and evolution –
a
nd systematically tracked implementation facilitators, barriers, and adaptations.
Results
Within the REP framework, results describe how each medical center adapted implementation approaches to fit local needs. We highlight examples of how sites balanced adaptations and intervention fidelity.
Conclusions
The REP framework shows promise for national expansion of the caregiver training intervention, including to non-VA systems of care, because it allows sites to adapt while maintaining intervention fidelity.
Trial registration
NCT03474380
. Date registered: March 22, 2018.
Journal Article
Experiences of commissioning mental health services for children and young people in England: qualitative study of commissioners’ perspectives
IntroductionCommissioners play a central role in coordinating and planning CAMHS. However, there is little research on their experiences and approaches to understanding the needs of their populations. An improved understanding is likely to benefit the translation of research into practice, by ensuring research outputs meet the needs of key stakeholders and in optimising the sharing and use of data to improve services.ObjectivesTo better understand commissioners’ experiences of commissioning child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and the challenges they face.MethodsBetween May to June 2023, we conducted twelve individual, semi-structured interviews with Integrated Care Board commissioners of CAMHS across England. We analysed data using framework analysis; a qualitative analysis method which involves systematically charting and organising data using a framework to generate themes.ResultsWe generated five core themes from the data: 1) ‘Reflections on role’ – how commissioners’ roles are informed by their background and ‘positioning’ within the system in which they work, 2) ‘Priorities and Tensions’ – the wider context in which commissioners work and how this may present challenges, 3) ‘Insights and evidence’– how commissioners develop an understanding of child mental health need and the different roles of quantitative and qualitative data, 4) ‘Children’s mental health in the limelight’ – commissioners’ perceptions of changes in child mental health in their populations, 5) ‘Responding to need’ – how commissioners are addressing the needs of their populations and the challenges they perceive.ConclusionsCAMHS commissioners are negotiating a complex and changing political, social and economic environment with differing priorities and pressures. Commissioners draw heavily on insights from providers and their role is shifting towards managing relationships and bringing the system together. A key challenge is balancing investment in prevention/early intervention versus specialist services needed by children with more severe and complex problems.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Journal Article
Experimental evidence for sustained carbon sequestration in fire-managed, peat moorlands
Peat moorlands are important habitats in the boreal region, where they store approximately 30% of the global soil carbon (C). Prescribed burning on peat is a very contentious management strategy, widely linked with loss of carbon. Here, we quantify the effects of prescribed burning for lightly managed boreal moorlands and show that the impacts on peat and C accumulation rates are not as bad as is widely thought. We used stratigraphical techniques within a unique replicated ecological experiment with known burn frequencies to quantify peat and C accumulation rates (0, 1, 3 and 6 managed burns since around 1923). Accumulation rates were typical of moorlands elsewhere, and were reduced significantly only in the 6-burn treatment. However, impacts intensified gradually with burn frequency; each additional burn reduced the accumulation rates by 4.9 g m−2 yr−1 (peat) and 1.9 g C cm−2 yr−1, but did not prevent accumulation. Species diversity and the abundance of peat-forming species also increased with burn frequency. Our data challenge widely held perceptions that a move to 0 burning is essential for peat growth, and show that appropriate prescribed burning can both mitigate wildfire risk in a warmer world and produce relatively fast peat growth and sustained C sequestration.
Journal Article
Author Correction: Reply to: Validity of managing peatlands with fire
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Journal Article