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This study aims to explore the impact of service innovation in tourism on tourist loyalty through the mediating role of the destination image, using Algiers as a case study. The significance of this research lies in identifying strategies to stimulate loyalty to the destination by enhancing the tourist experience through services innovative offered to visitors. The study utilized an electronic questionnaire administered to a sample of 102 tourists, and the results revealed that innovation in tourism services positively influences tourist loyalty by enhancing destination image. Based on these results, the study recommends that tourist destinations prioritize innovating tourism services to improve competitiveness and consistently attract tourists.

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a data-driven networking model that proposes to fetch data using names instead of source addresses. This new architecture is considered attractive for the Internet of Things (IoT) due to its salient features, such as naming, caching, and stateful forwarding, which allow it to support the major requirements of IoT environments natively. Nevertheless, some NDN mechanisms, such as forwarding, need to be optimized to accommodate the constraints of IoT devices and networks. This paper presents LAFS, a Learning-based Adaptive Forwarding Strategy for NDN-based IoT networks. LAFS enhances network performances while alleviating the use of its resources. The proposed strategy is based on a learning process that provides the necessary knowledge allowing network nodes to collaborate smartly and offer a lightweight and adaptive forwarding scheme, best suited for IoT environments. LAFS is implemented in ndnSIM and compared with state-of-the-art NDN forwarding schemes. As the obtained results demonstrate, LAFS outperforms the benchmarked solutions in terms of content retrieval time, request satisfactory rate, and energy consumption.

Background Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a massive global socio-economic tragedy that has impacted the ecosystem. This paper aims to contextualize urban and rural environmental situations during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Results An online survey was conducted, 6770 participants were included in the final analysis, and 64% were females. The majority of the participants were urban citizens (74%). Over 50% of the urban residents significantly ( p  < 0.001) reported a reduction in noise, gathering in tourist areas, and gathering in malls and restaurants. Concerning the pollutants, most urban and rural areas have reported an increase in masks thrown in streets (69.49% vs. 73.22%, resp.; p  = 0.003). Plastic bags and hospital waste also increased significantly with the same p -value of < 0.001 in urban areas compared with rural ones. The multifactorial logistic model for urban resident predictors achieved acceptable discrimination (AUROC = 0.633) according to age, crowdedness, noise and few pollutants. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic had a beneficial impact on the environment and at the same time, various challenges regarding plastic and medical wastes are rising which requires environmental interventions.

Co x Zn 1 - x O ( x = 0.00, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.10) thin films were sprayed pyrolysis onto ordinary glass substrates. The micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of wurtzite structure in all films. The UV–Vis investigation showed good optical transmittance in the visible region with the increase in the absorption bands related to internal Co + 2 d – d transitions over Co concentration. The optical gap energy decreased by 0.34 eV as Co doping increased, contrary to Urbach energy which increased by 230 meV. The SEM observation indicated grain shape modification of the surface morphology of the films in addition to slight decrease in the grain size. M-lines spectroscopy measured the ordinary refractive index which was found to increase by 0.0156 as the Co doping increased. Cobalt doping provoked the extinction of light coupling and propagation in the films manifested as an increase in full width at the half maximum of the guided peaks and a decrease in the reflected intensity. This was due to the increase in the extinction coefficient measured by UV–Vis spectroscopy.

We present a (hopefully) novel calculation of the vacuum energy in expanding FLRW spacetimes based on the renormalization of quantum field theory in non-zero backgrounds. We compute the renormalized effective action up to the \\(2-\\)point function and then apply the formalism to the cosmological backgrounds of interest. As an example we calculate for quasi de Sitter spacetimes the leading correction to the vacuum energy given by the tadpole diagram and show that it behaves as \\( H_0^2 _ pl\\) where \\(H_0\\) is the Hubble constant and \\(_ pl\\) is the Planck constant. This is of the same order of magnitude as the observed dark energy density in the universe.

In this article we study non-commutative vector sigma model with the most general ^4 interaction on Moyal-Weyl spaces. We compute the 2- and 4-point functions to all orders in the large N limit and then apply the approximate Wilson renormalization group recursion formula to study the renormalized coupling constants of the theory. The non-commutative Wilson-Fisher fixed point interpolates between the commutative Wilson-Fisher fixed point of the Ising universality class which is found to lie at zero value of the critical coupling constant a_* of the zero dimensional reduction of the theory, and a novel strongly interacting fixed point which lies at infinite value of a_* corresponding to maximal non-commutativity beyond which the two-sheeted structure of a_* as a function of the dilation parameter disappears.

We present a study of phi-four theory on noncommutative spaces using a combination of the Wilson renormalization group recursion formula and the solution to the zero dimensional vector/matrix models at large \\(N\\). Three fixed points are identified. The matrix model \\(=ınfty\\) fixed point which describes the disordered-to-non-uniform-ordered transition. The Wilson-Fisher fixed point at \\(=0\\) which describes the disordered-to-uniform-ordered transition, and a noncommutative Wilson-Fisher fixed point at a maximum value of \\(\\) which is associated with the transition between non-uniform-order and uniform-order phases.