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Protoplanetary disks are known to possess a variety of substructures in the distribution of their millimetre-sized grains, predominantly seen as rings and gaps 1 , which are frequently interpreted as arising from the shepherding of large grains by either hidden, still-forming planets within the disk 2 or (magneto-)hydrodynamic instabilities 3 . The velocity structure of the gas offers a unique probe of both the underlying mechanisms driving the evolution of the disk—such as movement of planet-building material from volatile-rich regions to the chemically inert midplane—and the details of the required removal of angular momentum. Here we report radial profiles of the three velocity components of gas in the upper layers of the disk of the young star HD 163296, as traced by emission from 12 CO molecules. These velocities reveal substantial flows from the surface of the disk towards its midplane at the radial locations of gaps that have been argued to be opened by embedded planets 4 – 7 : these flows bear a striking resemblance to meridional flows, long predicted to occur during the early stages of planet formation 8 – 12 . In addition, a persistent radial outflow is seen at the outer edge of the disk that is potentially the base of a wind associated with previously detected extended emission 12 . Three-dimensional gas velocities in the gapped disk around the young star HD 163296 show meridional flows from the surface of the disk towards its midplane at gap locations.

One of the best and most direct ways to study planet formation processes is to observe young planets while they are forming within their birth protoplanetary disks. As they form, planets tidally interact with their parental disk and produce observable signatures. Recent observations have demonstrated that kinematic planetary signatures (KPS), the perturbed velocity fields of the gas in the protoplanetary disk in the vicinity of the planet, can be observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Here, I introduce a machine learning-based tool KPSFinder (Kinematic Planetary Signature Finder), which aims to find KPS robustly and efficiently.

In the early stages of planetary system formation, young exoplanets gravitationally interact with their surrounding environments and leave observable signatures on protoplanetary disks. Among these structures, a pair of nearly symmetric spiral arms can be driven by a giant protoplanet. For the double-spiraled SAO 206462 protoplanetary disk, we obtained three epochs of observations spanning 7 yr using the Very Large Telescope’s SPHERE instrument in near-infrared J-band polarized light. By jointly measuring the motion of the two spirals at three epochs, we obtained a rotation rate of −0.°85±0.°05yr−1. This rate corresponds to a protoplanet at 66±3 au on a circular orbit dynamically driving both spirals. The derived location agrees with the gap in ALMA dust-continuum observations, indicating that the spiral driver may also carve the observed gap. What is more, a dust filament at ∼63 au observed by ALMA coincides with the predicted orbit of the spiral-arm-driving protoplanet. This double-spiraled system is an ideal target for protoplanet imaging.

An easy and environmentally friendly method was developed for the preparation of a stabilized carbon nanotube–crystalline nanocellulose (CNT–CNC) dispersion and for its deposition to generate self-standing CNT–CNC composite films. The composite films were carbonized at different temperatures of 70 °C, 800 °C, and 1300 °C. Structural and morphological characteristics of the CNT–CNC films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed that the sample annealed at 800 °C (CNT–CNC800) formed nano-tree networks of CNTs with a high surface area (1180 m2·g−1) and generated a conductive CNC matrix due to the effective carbonization. The carbonized composite films were applied as anodes for lithium-ion batteries, and the battery performance was evaluated in terms of initial voltage profile, cyclic voltammetry, capacity, cycling stability, and current rate efficiency. Among them, the CNT–CNC800 anode exhibited impressive electrochemical performance by showing a reversible capacity of 443 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 232 mA·g−1 after 120 cycles with the capacity retention of 89% and high rate capability.

This study concerns the nationally available, high-stakes, performance-based assessment for teacher candidates called the Educative Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA) and its impact on visual arts teacher education in Wisconsin, where it is required for certification. Participants in this case study were 10 visual arts teacher educators at Wisconsin public universities who had taught art methods courses for art education majors and who had supervised teacher candidates in the edTPA era. Qualitative data were collected via online surveys and follow-up Skype interviews, and content was analyzed using a phenomenological method. The results showed that all participants had incorporated preparation for the edTPA in their art teacher education programs, but they also had had a variety of experiences and attitudes regarding the value of the assessment. The findings point to some tensions around the use of the edTPA as a measure of teacher readiness. Recommendations for research and policy are included.

In this article, Jaehan Bae describes one of the assignments he created for an art methods course for education majors (preK-8). In it, Bae asked preservice teachers to research the food as well as other aspects of a culture of their choice. Through this assignment, he hoped the preservice teachers would \"explore art and the world through multiple senses/lenses and develop democratic behavior as an engaged citizen, and recognize international connections through art and contribute to world peace\" (Bolin & Hoskings, 2015, p. 42). In this article, Bae describes the assignment and its implementation, including some of the resulting research and analyses generated by the preservice teachers in his class. He also offers suggestions for other art educators who might wish to implement a similar project with education majors to achieve similar goals. The primary external resource for this assignment was a project known as Conflict Kitchen. Conflict Kitchen (2010-2017) originated in 2010 as a pop-up takeout restaurant in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; it served a menu of foods from countries engaged in diplomatic and military conflicts with the US (Haines, 2015).

The arts encourage us to wake up, often by shocking us into a novel consciousness (Ayers, Greene, & Alexander-Tanner, 2012). Further, from the perspective of the artist, the basic human right to creative activity provides a vehicle for \"talking back\" (hooks, 1990, p. 337) in response to threats to social justice. Such is the case in the story deployed here. It concerns the creative activity of the artist Sung-dam Hong and how it provided a threshold for subversive resistance to injustice within the recent government of South Korea. Sung-dam Hong is an activist artist from Ansan, South Korea who created woodcut prints about the Gwangju Democratic uprising of May 18, 1980. The voices and perspectives in Hong's art reveal his dissatisfaction with both South Korean President Park and the U.S. government, which he believes has impeded the realization of democratic ideals in South Korea. Visual art and design educators may use the metaphor of Hong's \"talking back\" in their teaching. They may use it to help students learn to develop and liberate their own voices in the face of injustice, oppression, colonization, or exploitation.

In this article, we examine food-engaged art practice and its artistic and pedagogical possibilities. First, we describe the precedents of socially engaged food art practices and provide a detailed account of Conflict Kitchen and Enemy Kitchen, from which we envision new pedagogical possibilities to embrace food and cooking as socially engaged art. In the second part of the study, we discuss the two kitchens through Deleuzian concepts such as nomadism, agencément, and becoming-others, to explore and encourage a shift from the pedagogy of being to the pedagogy of becoming. We argue that art educators pay attention to the becoming pedagogy as a rhizomatic, transforming, and unresting status of socially engaged learning, challenging the being pedagogy of the structured, goals-oriented, and standard-based learning.

This case study identifies key elements of concern in pre-service art teaching by exploring the experiences of pre-service teachers and cooperating teachers engaged in an 18-week pre-service art teaching experience. Three pre-service art teachers and six cooperating art teachers participated in the study. Data collection included interviews with pre-service art teachers and their cooperating teachers, class observations, lesson plans, teaching resources, videos, and the weekly journals of pre-service art teachers. The content analysis of the data reveals key elements of concern in pre-service art teaching: classroom management, balancing and integrating art curriculum content areas, and transfer of art content into pre-service art teaching. The findings have implications for the enhancement of art education programs and pre-service art teaching experiences.

Magnetic anisotropy strongly influences the performance of the magnetocaloric effect. We investigated the magnetocaloric properties of the NdAlGe single crystal with I41md structure. The temperature-dependent magnetization revealed significant anisotropic properties; stable antiferromagnetic transition at TN = 6 K for H//a and meta-magnetic spin reorientation at low temperature (T ≤ 5 K) within an intermediate field (H = 2 T) for H//c. During the metamagnetic spin reorientation, the abrupt change of the magnetic entropy leads to a significant magnetocaloric effect with negative magnetic entropy change (∆SM) by −13.80 J kg−1 K−1 at TC = 5.5 K for H = 5 T along the H//c axis. In addition, the antiferromagnetic state for H//a shows the inverse magnetocaloric effect(I-MCE) by positive entropy change ∆SM = 2.64 J kg−1 K−1 at TN = 6 K for H = 5 T. This giant MCE accompanied by the metamagnetic transition resulted in a significantly large relative cooling power (158 J/kg at H = 5 T) for H//c. The giant MCE and I-MCE can be applied to the rotational magnetocaloric effect (R-MCE) depending on the crystal orientations. NdAlGe exhibits rotational entropy change ∆Sc−a = −12.85 J kg−1 K at Tpeak = 7.5 K, H = 5 T. With comparison to conventional MCE materials, NdAlGe is suggested as promising candidate of R-MCE, which is a novel type of magnetic refrigeration system.