Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
18
result(s) for
"Balthazard, Pierre A"
Sort by:
Lessons from a Dozen Years of Group Support Systems Research: A Discussion of Lab and Field Findings
During the past dozen years, researchers at the University of Arizona have built six generations of group support systems software, conducted over 150 research studies, and facilitated over 4,000 projects. This article reports on lessons learned through that experience. It begins by presenting a theoretical foundation for the Groupware Grid, a tool for designing and evaluating GSS. It then reports lessons from nine key domains: (1)GSS in organizations; (2) cross-cultural and multicultural issues; (3) designing GSS software; (4) collaborative writing; (5) electronic polling; (6) GSS facilities and room design; (7) leadership and facilitation; (8) GSS in the classroom; and (9) business process reengineering.
Journal Article
Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization
This paper aims to describe how organizational culture is manifested in behavioral norms and expectations, focusing on 12 sets of behavioral norms associated with constructive, passive/defensive, and aggressive/defensive cultural styles. The organizational culture inventory, a normed and validated instrument designed to measure organizational culture in terms of behavioral norms and expectations, was used to test hypotheses regarding the impact of culture. Data are summarized from 60,900 respondents affiliated with various organizations that have used the instrument to assess their cultures. Also presented is a brief overview of a practitioner-led assessment of four state government departments. The results of correlational analyses illustrate the positive impact of constructive cultural styles, and the negative impact of dysfunctional defensive styles, on both the individual- and organizational-level performance drivers. The results clearly link the dysfunctional cultural styles to deficits in operating efficiency and effectiveness.
Journal Article
Dysfunctional culture, dysfunctional organization
Purpose - This paper aims to describe how organizational culture is manifested in behavioral norms and expectations, focusing on 12 sets of behavioral norms associated with constructive, passive defensive, and aggressive defensive cultural styles.Design methodology approach - The organizational culture inventory, a normed and validated instrument designed to measure organizational culture in terms of behavioral norms and expectations, was used to test hypotheses regarding the impact of culture. Data are summarized from 60,900 respondents affiliated with various organizations that have used the instrument to assess their cultures. Also presented is a brief overview of a practitioner-led assessment of four state government departments.Findings - The results of correlational analyses illustrate the positive impact of constructive cultural styles, and the negative impact of dysfunctional defensive styles, on both the individual- and organizational-level performance drivers. The results clearly link the dysfunctional cultural styles to deficits in operating efficiency and effectiveness.Originality value - The concept of organizational culture is derived from research in the field of organizational behavior characterized by use of qualitative methods. Yet, one of the most powerful strategies for organizational development is knowledge-based change, an approach that generally relies on the use of quantitative measures. Although both methods share the potential for producing cumulative bodies of information for assessment and theory testing, quantitative approaches may be more practical for purposes of knowledge-based approaches for organizational development generally, and assessing cultural prerequisites for organizational learning and knowledge management specifically.
Journal Article
A Model of Information Security Awareness for Assessing Information Security Risk for Emerging Technologies
Information systems (IS) that interconnect emerging technologies have rendered organizations increasingly vulnerable to emerging information technology (IT) attacks. Drawing on IS concepts such as systems and cybernetic theory, technological threat avoidance theory (TTAT) and general deterrence theory (GDT), this study develops an IS security (ISS) risk model that contributes to an understanding of information security awareness (ISA) and the assessment of ISS risk. Results indicate that technical knowledge, organizational impact and attacker assessment generate significant positive path coefficients with ISA. However, the constructs organizational impact and attacker assessment generated stronger path coefficients with ISA than technical knowledge. Research model results also indicate that ISA is strongly associated with ISS risk.
Journal Article
Virtual team interaction: assessment, consequences, and management
Virtual teams are typically made up of geographically dispersed experts, supported by computer-based communication technologies. Though increasingly popular this is still a relatively unstudied organizational form. Virtual team membership is typically based solely on needed expertise; the teams rarely have any history of interaction and their performance potential is unknown. Research shows that teams exhibit constructive, passive, and aggressive interaction styles, which have significant effects on the decisions the teams produce as well as the teams' satisfaction with those decisions. We present managerial tools for the assessment of conventional and virtual team interaction styles. We detail how the tools are used, and we also discuss how the styles manifest in each medium, and their effects. We give suggestions to team managers on how to use the insights the tools provide to manage their virtual teams for optimal performance.
Journal Article
Reinforcing QFD with group support systems
Over the last decade quality function deployment or QFD, thanks to the efforts of Akao and others, has gained widespread popularity in its applicability to business and industry. Many organizations have adopted it as a tool of continuous improvement in their quest for quality through total quality management (TQM). QFD in simple terms, has been looked on as a mechanism of translating the customers’ expectations of a particular product or service into product planning, parts development, process planning, and production planning. Explores the robustness of QFD for translating the available knowledge within a product design group into appropriate design choices, ones that consider the customer’s view of quality throughout the product’s entire life cycle. Conventional QFD analysis allows equity of participation through “consensus”, but often trades outcomes influenced by expertise for those attained with “fairness”. This process may lead to less than optimal results. Discusses the role of group support systems (GSS) to improve the qualitative discussion of the whats and the hows in the QFD process. Also introduces influence allocation processes, methods that allow differential weighting of participants and an incremental usage of knowledge within groups. Discusses their potential impact for QFD analysis.
Journal Article
Understanding human interactions and performance in the virtual team
A stream of work is presented that focuses on the question of whether factors that drive conventional team performance also apply to the virtual environment. Conventional teams exhibit group interaction styles that affect communication and thus team performance by facilitating or hindering the exchange of information among group members. An overview of 3 studies that investigate human interaction in the virtual setting is presented. The first study presents the conversion of an instrument designed to assess interaction styles in face-to-face environments for use with virtual teams collaborating via the Internet. Interaction style predicts task performance outcomes and process outcomes in virtual teams in ways very similar to those seen in face-to-face teams. The second study offers a direct comparison of performance in virtual and face-to-face teams. Virtual teams are less successful than face-to-face teams on most outcome measures. The third study examines the role of expertise and extraversion on interaction style and performance. Extraversion begets a productive interaction style but that a difference in extraversion between team members leads to a negative style.
Journal Article
Reinforcing QFD with group support systems
Over the last decade quality function deployment or QFD, thanks to
the efforts of Akao and others, has gained widespread popularity in its
applicability to business and industry. Many organizations have adopted
it as a tool of continuous improvement in their quest for quality
through total quality management (TQM). QFD in simple terms, has been
looked on as a mechanism of translating the customers' expectations of a
particular product or service into product planning, parts development,
process planning, and production planning. Explores the robustness of
QFD for translating the available knowledge within a product design
group into appropriate design choices, ones that consider the customer's
view of quality throughout the product's entire life cycle. Conventional
QFD analysis allows equity of participation through
\"consensus\", but often trades outcomes influenced by
expertise for those attained with \"fairness\". This process
may lead to less than optimal results. Discusses the role of group
support systems (GSS) to improve the qualitative discussion of the whats
and the hows in the QFD process. Also introduces influence allocation
processes, methods that allow differential weighting of participants and
an incremental usage of knowledge within groups. Discusses their
potential impact for QFD analysis.
Journal Article
The Domestication Syndrome in Phoenix dactylifera Seeds: Toward the Identification of Wild Date Palm Populations
Investigating crop origins is a priority to understand the evolution of plants under domestication, develop strategies for conservation and valorization of agrobiodiversity and acquire fundamental knowledge for cultivar improvement. The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belongs to the genus Phoenix, which comprises 14 species morphologically very close, sometimes hardly distinguishable. It has been cultivated for millennia in the Middle East and in North Africa and constitutes the keystone of oasis agriculture. Yet, its origins remain poorly understood as no wild populations are identified. Uncultivated populations have been described but they might represent feral, i.e. formerly cultivated, abandoned forms rather than truly wild populations. In this context, this study based on morphometrics applied to 1625 Phoenix seeds aims to (1) differentiate Phoenix species and (2) depict the domestication syndrome observed in cultivated date palm seeds using other Phoenix species as a \"wild\" reference. This will help discriminate truly wild from feral forms, thus providing new insights into the evolutionary history of this species. Seed size was evaluated using four parameters: length, width, thickness and dorsal view surface. Seed shape was quantified using outline analyses based on the Elliptic Fourier Transform method. The size and shape of seeds allowed an accurate differentiation of Phoenix species. The cultivated date palm shows distinctive size and shape features, compared to other Phoenix species: seeds are longer and elongated. This morphological shift may be interpreted as a domestication syndrome, resulting from the long-term history of cultivation, selection and human-mediated dispersion. Based on seed attributes, some uncultivated date palms from Oman may be identified as wild. This opens new prospects regarding the possible existence and characterization of relict wild populations and consequently for the understanding of the date palm origins. Finally, we here describe a pipeline for the identification of the domestication syndrome in seeds that could be used in other crops.
Journal Article