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"Beck, Judith S."
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The diet trap solution : train your brain to lose weight and keep it off for good
\"Beck [posits] that when it comes to losing weight, it's not just about what we eat. It's also about how we think. To consistently eat differently, we must learn to think differently. Diets fail us because they don't offer effective strategies for overcoming the common traps--emotional eating, social pressure, dining out--that can derail us\"--Amazon.com.
Book
The role of implementation organizations in scaling evidence-based psychosocial interventions
Background
To bring evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to individuals with behavioral health needs, psychosocial interventions must be delivered at scale. Despite an increasing effort to implement effective treatments in communities, most individuals with mental health and behavioral problems do not receive EBIs. We posit that organizations that commercialize EBIs play an important role in disseminating EBIs, particularly in the USA. The behavioral health and implementation industry is growing, bringing the implementation field to an important inflection point: how to scale interventions to improve access while maintaining EBI effectiveness and minimizing inequities in access to psychosocial intervention.
Main body
We offer a first-hand examination of five illustrative organizations specializing in EBI implementation: Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Incredible Years, Inc.; the PAXIS Institute; PracticeWise, LLC; and Triple P International. We use the Five Stages of Small Business Growth framework to organize themes. We discuss practical structures (e.g., corporate structures, intellectual property agreements, and business models) and considerations that arise when trying to scale EBIs including balancing fidelity and reach of the intervention. Business models consider who will pay for EBI implementation and allow organizations to scale EBIs.
Conclusion
We propose research questions to guide scaling: understanding the level of fidelity needed to maintain efficacy, optimizing training outcomes, and researching business models to enable organizations to scale EBIs.
Journal Article
The Theory of Modes: Applications to Schizophrenia and Other Psychological Conditions
A novel, person centered approach to the understanding and treatment of severe mental illness—Recovery Oriented Cognitive Therapy (CT-R)—has recently been implemented in many settings in the mental health care system. The theory and therapy, originally based on clinical observations, are grounded on the assumption that the personality is composed of a number of “modes” which are composed of specific components such as cognition, affect, motivation and behavior. The activation of a particular mode and its status as relatively adaptive or maladaptive depends on the “fit” between an individual’s internal impulses and cravings and external situational factors. In addition, persistent cognitive distortions within the modes may be responsible for poor adaptation observed in psychiatric disorders. We outline here the difference between the reflexive, automatic activation of modes and a separate superordinate function that provides oversight for the modes. We focus on the theory of modes as it applies to schizophrenia, as individuals given this diagnosis are “stuck” in maladaptive modes. Additionally, we outline some core therapeutic elements of CT-R, which aim to activate the adaptive modes of personality, deactivate the maladaptive modes, and promote movement towards recovery. Finally, we project our understanding of modes onto other psychopathological and non-clinical populations and propose suggestions for the application of this theory in future research and practice.
Journal Article
Correction to: The Theory of Modes: Applications to Schizophrenia and Other Psychological Conditions
The original version of this article contained an error in the corresponding author’s first name and e-mail address. The author name should read as “Aaron T. Beck” instead of “Aron T. Beck” and the e-mail address should read as “abeck@pennmedicine.upenn.edu” instead of “abeck@penmedcine.upenu.edu.” The original article has been corrected.
Journal Article
Depression and Next-day Spillover of Negative Mood and Depressive Cognitions Following Interpersonal Stress
We hypothesized that individuals high in depression would experience a greater increase in depressive symptoms following daily interpersonal stress, as compared with their symptoms following noninterpersonal stress. Forty-six adult outpatients completed seven consecutive daily assessments of stressful events, appraisals of those events, depressive cognitions, and negative affect at the beginning of treatment. Although there were no same-day differences in reactions to interpersonal and noninterpersonal stressors, there was significant \"spillover\" of negative thoughts and affect following interpersonal stressors for those high in depression. In other words, for those high in depression, negative thoughts and affect increased to a greater degree on days following an interpersonal stressor, as compared to days following a noninterpersonal stressor. These findings suggest that delayed recovery from daily interpersonal stress might contribute to the maintenance of depressive symptoms. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Frontiers in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Personality Disorders
Clinicians generally find individuals with personality disorders to be challenging to treat, especially compared to clients who have only a straightforward depression or anxiety disorder. In this article we will summarise research on the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for personality disorders. Then we will focus on the conceptualisation and treatment of CBT for personality disorders that is based on the work of Aaron Beck and colleagues; that is, it is predicated upon the cognitive model of psychopathology. Next, we will describe two other forms of treatment with cognitive behavioural roots: schema therapy and dialectical behaviour therapy. A final section will suggest future directions.
Journal Article
The Anxiety Skills Workbook
Anxiety is at epidemic levels. In The Anxiety Skills Workbook, psychologist and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) expert Stefan Hofmann offers readers a comprehensive approach to transforming anxiety using simple evidence-based strategies from CBT and mindfulness. With this easy-to-use guide, readers will learn to break free from worry and start focusing on living the life they want.
eBook
Preliminary Evidence that Anxiety is Associated with Accelerated Response in Cognitive Therapy for Depression
We conducted two studies that assessed the role of initial anxiety in rate of change (depression reduction) in cognitive therapy for major depression. In both studies, depression and anxiety were assessed at intake, and depression was assessed at every treatment session. Longitudinal growth modeling was used to predict rate of change in treatment from sessions 1–12 controlling for intake depression, with intake anxiety as a moderator of change. In Study 1, high initial anxiety was associated with a faster rate of depression reduction across the course of cognitive therapy, whereas in Study 2, high initial anxiety was associated with a faster rate of depression reduction in the early sessions of treatment. The influence of intake depression on rate of change was controlled, and therefore the results are likely not due to greater symptom severity or distress among those high in anxiety. BAI subscale analyses suggest that the results are likely due to the physiological arousal characteristic of anxiety. These results suggest a potentially beneficial role for initial anxiety in cognitive therapy for depression.
Journal Article
Hopelessness, Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Clinical Diagnosis of Depression
The relevance of a clinical diagnosis of depression for explaining the discrepant relationships of hopelessness and depression with suicidal ideation was studied. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) were administered to 1,306 (72.8%) patients with at least one DSM‐III‐R mood disorder and 488 (27.3%) patients without any mood disorders. A multiple regression analysis was conducted, and hopelessness was 1.3 times more important than depression was for explaining suicidal ideation. The interactions of the BDI and BHS with diagnostic group were not significant.
Journal Article
Dimensionality of the Beck Youth Inventories With Child Psychiatric Outpatients
The Anxiety, Depression, Anger, Disruptive Behavior, and Self-Concept Inventories of the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment (J. S. Beck, A. S. Beck, & J. Jolly, 2001) were administered to 150 female and 150 male outpatients who were 7-12 years old and matched by sex as to whether they were diagnosed with anxiety, mood, adjustment, or attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders to determine whether each inventory represented distinct symptom dimensions. Horn's parallel analyses (J. L. Horn, 1965) found that the Anxiety, Depression, and Disruptive Behavior Inventories were unidimensional, but that the Anger and Self-Concept Inventories were each composed of two underlying dimensions. Iterated principal-factor analyses indicated that the Anger Inventory represented Affective and Cognitive dimensions, whereas the Self-concept Inventory reflected Self-Esteem and Competency dimensions. However, the overall pattern of results was discussed as supporting the current practice of scoring each inventory as a summative scale for clinical assessment purposes.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article