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This study seeks to clarify the repercussions of the global economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on economic blocs, using the New North American Free Trade Agreement, i.e. NAFTA New, as a model, and this economic bloc includes the United States of America, Canada, and Mexico. It was first established on January 1, 1994, to be resurrected in a new format under the name of the new NAFTA, although there were other designations that the study mentioned in some detail. After presenting an economic evaluation of the impact of this agreement on member states in light of the Covid pandemic, the study was concluded by highlighting the effects of the economic crisis of the Covid pandemic on each member state, and how the bloc contributed to reducing it.\"

Organizational communication is effective when the managers 'message reaches from top to bottom, through the communication channel, clearly, enabling human resources to understand what is required of them and perform the work effectively, and when the upward communication channels are effective. This study investigates the impact plays by organizational communication through downward and upward communication in influencing employee performance components known as (AMO) i.e., Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity to perform in Algeria Post Corporation in Batna. The study findings show that upward communication has significant positive effects on human resources performance; however, the effect of downward organizational communication is stronger and more impactful on human resource performance than the effect of upward communication. Results confirmed both hypotheses.

This paper discusses the importance of practicing social distancing as a strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19, relying on epidemiological data and scientific modeling. The author explains that the rapid transmission of the virus through close contact made social distancing one of the first preventive measures adopted worldwide. The study outlines the theoretical framework of social distancing, which includes avoiding large gatherings, reducing in-person activities, and maintaining safe physical distances between individuals. It also analyzes several quantitative studies showing that strict implementation of social distancing effectively lowers the reproduction rate (R0), thereby flattening the infection curve and reducing pressure on healthcare systems. The paper further addresses the social and economic consequences of these measures, such as disruptions to educational and economic institutions, while emphasizing that these costs are significantly lower than those of an uncontrolled outbreak. The author concludes that social distancing is not merely a temporary measure but a core component of a comprehensive strategy that includes testing, tracing, and eventually vaccination, stressing that the success of any pandemic response depends on collective adherence to these preventive practices. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI