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Herein, we present an innovative approach for transforming commonly available cellulose paper into a flexible and catalytic current collector for overall water splitting. A solution processed soak-and-coat method of electroless plating was used to render a piece of paper conducting by conformably depositing metallic nickel nanoparticles, while still retaining the open macroporous framework. Proof-of-concept paper-electrodes are realized by modifying nickel-paper current collector with model electrocatalysts nickel-iron oxyhydroxide and nickel-molybdenum bimetallic alloy through electrodeposition route. The paper-electrodes demonstrate exceptional activities towards oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, requiring overpotentials of 240 and 32 mV at 50 and −10 mA cm −2 , respectively, even as they endure extreme mechanical stress. The generality of this approach is demonstrated by fabricating similar electrodes on cotton fabric, which also show high activity. Finally, a two-electrode paper-electrolyzer is constructed which can split water with an efficiency of 98.01%, and exhibits robust stability for more than 200 h. Water electrolysis provides a means to convert water into carbon-neutral fuels, but current devices are typically heavy, inflexible, or require costly substrates. Here, the authors transform paper and cotton fabrics into efficient, durable, and flexible supports for water-splitting electrocatalysts.

[...]we want to point out how such a complicity can arise as computational tools for textual aggregation and analysis increasingly treat large textual corpora as big data and provide the means for extracting new knowledge from these large bodies of text. In the case of these latter languages, such as Bahasa Indonesia or Turkish, there is usually a single unique roman-script spelling of a given word, and this word usually also has a standardized spelling.5 However, in the case of South Asian languages, which have been written in non-European scripts for a long time before the European conquest, a single, standardized way to transliterate a word into roman script usually has not been in existence, especially in the earlier years of the experience of colonial encounter. [...]the same word in a South Asian language could typically be transliterated into roman-alphabet script in multiple, different ways. [...]a word like \"sepuluh\" in a language like Bahasa Indonesia that is ordinarily written in roman script can, in principle be recuperated from invisibility by simply forcing its inclusion in the index (easily collecting and including any variations in spelling under the same head, if needed), leading to the word being reported, and thus made visible, by the HathiTrust Bookworm tool when the tool is used to look for occurrences of the word within European-language texts. Even though this issue is, of course, different from that raised by algorithmic tools for text, similar questions related to epistemic legibility and power relations are at play in both. [...]the issues that we discussed in the context of a digitized tool for text analysis may provide a useful analogy to think about text in a global context.

We have carried out detailed experimental investigations on polycrystalline CuO using dielectric constant, dc resistance, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements at high pressures. Observation of anomalous changes both in dielectric constant and dielectric loss in the pressure range 3.7–4.4 GPa and reversal of piezoelectric current with reversal of poling field direction indicate to a change in ferroelectric order in CuO at high pressures. A sudden jump in Raman integrated intensity of A g mode at 3.4 GPa and observation of Curie-Weiss type behaviour in dielectric constant below 3.7 GPa lends credibility to above ferroelectric transition. A slope change in the linear behaviour of the A g mode and a minimum in the FWHM of the same indicate indirectly to a change in magnetic ordering. Since all the previous studies show a strong spin-lattice interaction in CuO, observed change in ferroic behaviour at high pressures can be related to a reentrant multiferroic ordering in the range 3.4 to 4.4 GPa, much earlier than predicted by theoretical studies. We argue that enhancement of spin frustration due to anisotropic compression that leads to change in internal lattice strain brings the multiferroic ordering to room temperature at high pressures.

The HathiTrust Digital Library (HTDL) is one of the largest digital libraries in the world, containing seventeen million volumes from the collections of major academic and research libraries. In this paper, we discuss the HTDL’s potential for musicology research by providing a bibliometric analysis of the collection as a whole, and of the music materials in particular. A series of case studies illustrates the kinds of musicological research that may be conducted using the HTDL. We highlight several opportunities for improvement and discuss promising future directions for new knowledge creation through the processing and analysis of large amounts of retrospective data. The HTDL presents significant new opportunities to the study of music that will continue to expand as data, metadata and collection enhancements are introduced.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of death and disability in both sex, young and old age group population in different countries. This study aimed to estimate effects of sex, age group and intensity level of TBI in neurocognitive dysfunction. Methods: The study was done using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) to estimate cognitive dysfunction that directed presence to the emergency department center with medical cares in the Zahedan city. Individuals were deliberated eligible if they were 18 years of age or older. This investigation covered 6-months. Results: The sample study estimated 85 patients, 73% males with 27% females. The mean age patients reported 32.5 years (range 18-66 year) and SD (12.924) with 95% CI. Two-way between groups analysis of variance test was used to assess the impacts of sex, age and level of TBI as measured by neurocognitive dysfunction. The interaction effect between sex, age group and level of TBI was statistically significant F (0, 85) = 3.96, P = 0.01 however, the effect size was medium (partial eta squared = 0.54). Conclusion: This study supported research hypothesis that sex, age group and severity level of TBI show greater effect in neurocognitive dysfunction. In addition, the greatest amount of improvement in disability was observed among the male youngest group of survivors. These results advocate TBI survivors, especially older patients, may be candidates for neuroprotective therapies after TBI.

This article explores the pedagogical challenges and opportunities of bringing the Digital Humanities into a STEM-orientated and Singaporean educational context. Teaching DH from the inside out — to computer scientists rather than humanists — has allowed us to see more clearly neglected areas of DH pedagogy that are in need of greater attention. Our experiences have shown us that if DH is to thrive as a field beyond traditional humanities departments in the U.S. and Europe, we need to better articulate and theorize the connections between humanities and computer scientific epistemologies. When teaching non-humanities students, in particular, we have found it necessary to pay more attention to humanities research methods and projects grounded in humanities research questions. In developing a curriculum that reflects our Singaporean context too, we have found that diversity in global DH should go beyond simply broadening DH’s cultural scope but must involve a more open and global engagement with computational, cultural research that may not identify disciplinarily as DH.

Sayan Bhattacharyya 1 and Yitzhak Mastai 2 and Rabi Narayan Panda 3 and Sun-Hwa Yeon 4 and Michael Z. Hu 5 1, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India 2, Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel 3, Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Zuari Nagar, Goa 403726, India 4, Distributed Power Generation and Energy Storage Group, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea 5, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6181, USA Received 12 June 2014; Accepted 12 June 2014; 19 June 2014 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nanoporous materials are well known to be technologically useful for a wide spectrum of applications such as energy storage and conversion in fuel cells, solar cells, Li-ion batteries, hydrogen storage and supercapacitors, catalysis, sorption applications, gas purification, separation technologies, drug delivery, cell biology, environmental remediation, water desalination, purification, separation, sensors, optical, and electronic and magnetic devices.

Glass micropipettes, atomic force microscope tips and nanoneedles can be used to interrogate cells, but these devices either have conical geometries that can damage cells during penetration or are incapable of continuous fluid handling. Here, we report a carbon-nanotube-based endoscope for interrogating cells, transporting fluids and performing optical and electrochemical diagnostics at the single organelle level. The endoscope, which is made by placing a multiwalled carbon nanotube (length, 50–60 µm) at the tip of a glass pipette, can probe the intracellular environment with a spatial resolution of ∼100 nm and can also access organelles without disrupting the cell. When the nanotube is filled with magnetic nanoparticles, the endoscope can be remotely manoeuvered to transport nanoparticles and attolitre volumes of fluids to and from precise locations. Because they are mounted on conventional glass micropipettes, the endoscopes readily fit standard instruments, creating a broad range of opportunities for minimally invasive intracellular probing, drug delivery and single-cell surgery. An endoscope formed by attaching carbon nanotubes to the tips of glass micropipettes can be used to probe intracellular processes, and transport fluids and nanoparticles to and from precise locations.

Waste cooking oil has daily deliberate hazardous effects on human health due to consumption of re-cooked oil and on the environment from disposal of the waste oil. These hazards can be controlled if there are ways to economically convert the waste oils into industrially relevant materials. Large-scale controlled catalytic conversion of the waste natural oils to carbon nanowhiskers (CNWs; diameter: 98–191 nm, length: ≤2 μm) was achieved by a one-pot, environmentally friendly process. The no-cost CNWs consist of carbon spirals with spacing between two adjacent layers at 3.1 ± 0.2 nm and arranged perpendicular to the whisker axis. The reactions were performed inside a sealed container at 500–850 °C and autogenic pressure for 4–10 h. It was demonstrated that the gaseous pressure from the decomposition of the fatty acids was crucial for formation of the semi-graphitic filamentous structures. The dilute acid-washed catalyst free CNWs were found to be negligibly toxic to the mammalian cells and can be localized inside the cell nucleus. The cellular internalization studies of the fluorescent CNWs demonstrated their viability as potential delivery vehicles into the mammalian cells.

Antibiotic resistance has reached alarming proportions globally, prompting the World Health Organization to advise nations to take up antibiotic awareness campaigns. Several campaigns have been taken up worldwide, mostly by governments. The government of India asked manufacturers to append a ‘redline’ to packages of antibiotics as identification marks and conducted a campaign to inform the general public about it and appropriate antibiotic use. We investigated whether an antibiotic resistance awareness campaign could be organized voluntarily in India and determined the characteristics of the voluntarily organized campaign by administering a questionnaire to the coordinators, who participated in organizing the voluntary campaign India. The campaign characteristics were: multiple electro–physical pedagogical and participatory techniques were used, 49 physical events were organized in various parts of India that included lectures, posters, booklet/pamphlet distribution, audio and video messages, competitions, and mass contact rallies along with broadcast of messages in 11 local languages using community radio stations (CRS) spread all over India. The median values for campaign events were: expenditure—3000 Indian Rupees/day (US$~47), time for planning—1 day, program spread—4 days, program time—4 h, direct and indirect reach of the message—respectively 250 and 500 persons/event. A 2 min play entitled ‘Take antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor’ was broadcast 10 times/day for 5 days on CRS with listener reach of ~5 million persons. More than 85%ofcoordinators thought that the campaign created adequate awareness about appropriate antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. The voluntary campaign has implications for resource limited settings/low and middle income countries.