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"Bingham, Kelly"
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Shark girl
After a shark attack causes the amputation of her right arm, fifteen-year-old Jane, an aspiring artist, struggles to come to terms with her loss and the changes it imposes on her day-to-day life and her plans for the future.
Book
Helplessness to hope: Cultural transformations for the Maasai girl-child
This study examined how the life dreams of the girls at the MTH Center of Hope in Kenya are being altered as a result in a change of cultural experience. The center was built as a place of rescue to protect Maasai girls from early marriage, FGM and extreme poverty while allowing them to stay in school. The phenomenological study included observations, interviews, focus groups and a questionnaire that was used to elicit responses and begin dialogue. Results indicate that there is a definite need not only for secondary and tertiary education for the girls but also to train the girls toward gainful employment. Other results include educating the Maasai men on the destructive practices toward females within the patriarchal society and allowing morality associated with Christianity to permeate the culture that is imploding because the moral fiber of society is being destroyed by witchcraft, evil and corruption.
Dissertation
Formerly shark girl
It is now one year after the shark attack resulting in the amputation of Jane's right arm. Now her dream of becoming an artist is in jeopardy, and she finds herself wondering if she is now duty-bound to become a nurse.
Book
Seeds of goodwill sown at Ogden monastery
\"The square-foot garden concept produces much more produce than a regular row garden,\" [Marcie Valdez] said. \"This will be a high-yield garden that will require very little weeding, very little water, and it's the ideal way for us to launch this project.\" \"Volunteers will be coming on a routine basis to make sure that everything is growing as planned, and harvesting and watering,\" said Wendy Parker, Bank of Utah's vice president of banking operations. \"It's a good feeling to be out here serving.\" \"We're already working with the farmers at Black Island farms,\" she said. \"Starting in July, they're going to let us get volunteers and go in and glean the fields.\"
Newspaper Article
“Sucking the trouble” out of troubleshooting wound vacs: Video based curriculum development and implementation in a live tissue model
We hypothesized that non-surgeon, Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) naïve participants would better identify device functions and troubleshoot failures after being exposed to a video curriculum (VC) compared to similar participants exposed to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). VC and critical action step development was followed by randomization of 115 non-surgical, NPWT naïve participants into either the CPG or VC study groups. Participants individually identified components of the NPWT system and then worked as a team to troubleshoot three scenarios on an in vivo porcine model. VC participants better identified all NPWT components and functions (p < 0.001), demonstrated correct cannister attachment (p < 0.001) and performed a seal check (p < 0.001). VC teams performed more critical action steps in the leak (p = 0.011) and obstruction (p = 0.001) scenarios. In post-event surveys, participants were more likely to find the VC easy to use and informative and were likely to recommend the videos to a colleague (p = 0.008, p = 0.019, p = 0.02). VC participants demonstrated improved competency in individual NPWT component identification and team-based troubleshooting of NPWT failures. This VC represents an effective alternative to existing CPGs.
•Video curriculum provides more thorough instruction regarding negative pressure wound therapy device functions.•Video curriculum instruction resulted in better troubleshooting of multiple aspects of negative pressure wound therapy care.•Users of the video curriculum would recommend the videos to colleagues.•Video instruction does not replace thorough in-person, hands-on training.
Journal Article
Inhibition of PAD4 activity is sufficient to disrupt mouse and human NET formation
Inhibitors of the PAD4 enzyme that bind the inactive enzyme link this protein deiminase and the resultant arginine-to-citrulline modification to formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, highly decondensed chromatin structures with both host-defense and pathological roles.
PAD4 has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, cardiovascular and oncological diseases through clinical genetics and gene disruption in mice. New selective PAD4 inhibitors binding a calcium-deficient form of the PAD4 enzyme have validated the critical enzymatic role of human and mouse PAD4 in both histone citrullination and neutrophil extracellular trap formation for, to our knowledge, the first time. The therapeutic potential of PAD4 inhibitors can now be explored.
Journal Article
Antibody response to pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving abatacept
Background
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including those treated with biologics, are at increased risk of some vaccine-preventable infections. We evaluated the antibody response to standard 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and the 2011–2012 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in adults with RA receiving subcutaneous (SC) abatacept and background disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
Methods
Two multicenter, open-label sub-studies enrolled patients from the ACQUIRE (pneumococcal and influenza) and ATTUNE (pneumococcal) studies at any point during their SC abatacept treatment cycle following completion of ≥3 months’ SC abatacept. All patients received fixed-dose abatacept 125 mg/week with background DMARDs. A pre-vaccination blood sample was taken, and after 28 ± 3 days a final post-vaccination sample was collected. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an immunologic response to the vaccine at Day 28 among patients without a protective antibody level to the vaccine antigens at baseline (pneumococcal: defined as ≥2-fold increase in post-vaccination titers to ≥3 of 5 antigens and protective antibody level of ≥1.6 μg/mL to ≥3 of 5 antigens; influenza: defined as ≥4-fold increase in post-vaccination titers to ≥2 of 3 antigens and protective antibody level of ≥1:40 to ≥2 of 3 antigens). Safety and tolerability were evaluated throughout the sub-studies.
Results
Pre- and post-vaccination titers were available for 113/125 and 186/191 enrolled patients receiving the PPSV23 and influenza vaccine, respectively. Among vaccinated patients, 47/113 pneumococcal and 121/186 influenza patients were without protective antibody levels at baseline. Among patients with available data, 73.9 % (34/46) and 61.3 % (73/119) met the primary endpoint and achieved an immunologic response to PPSV23 or influenza vaccine, respectively. In patients with pre- and post-vaccination data available, 83.9 % in the pneumococcal study demonstrated protective antibody levels with PPSV23 (titer ≥1.6 μg/mL to ≥3 of 5 antigens), and 81.2 % in the influenza study achieved protective antibody levels (titer ≥1:40 to ≥2 of 3 antigens) at Day 28 post-vaccination. Vaccines were well tolerated with SC abatacept with background DMARDs.
Conclusions
In these sub-studies, patients with RA receiving SC abatacept and background DMARDs were able to mount an appropriate immune response to pneumococcal and influenza vaccines.
Trial registration
NCT00559585
(registered 15 November 2007) and
NCT00663702
(registered 18 April 2008).
Journal Article
Novel role of SARM1 mediated axonal degeneration in the pathogenesis of rabies
Neurotropic viral infections continue to pose a serious threat to human and animal wellbeing. Host responses combatting the invading virus in these infections often cause irreversible damage to the nervous system, resulting in poor prognosis. Rabies is the most lethal neurotropic virus, which specifically infects neurons and spreads through the host nervous system by retrograde axonal transport. The key pathogenic mechanisms associated with rabies infection and axonal transmission in neurons remains unclear. Here we studied the pathogenesis of different field isolates of lyssavirus including rabies using ex-vivo model systems generated with mouse primary neurons derived from the peripheral and central nervous systems. In this study, we show that neurons activate selective and compartmentalized degeneration of their axons and dendrites in response to infection with different field strains of lyssavirus. We further show that this axonal degeneration is mediated by the loss of NAD and calpain-mediated digestion of key structural proteins such as MAP2 and neurofilament. We then analysed the role of SARM1 gene in rabies infection, which has been shown to mediate axonal self-destruction during injury. We show that SARM1 is required for the accelerated execution of rabies induced axonal degeneration and the deletion of SARM1 gene significantly delayed axonal degeneration in rabies infected neurons. Using a microfluidic-based ex-vivo neuronal model, we show that SARM1-mediated axonal degeneration impedes the spread of rabies virus among interconnected neurons. However, this neuronal defense mechanism also results in the pathological loss of axons and dendrites. This study therefore identifies a potential host-directed mechanism behind neurological dysfunction in rabies infection. This study also implicates a novel role of SARM1 mediated axonal degeneration in neurotropic viral infection.
Journal Article
Covid-19 lockdown: Ethnic differences in children’s self-reported physical activity and the importance of leaving the home environment; a longitudinal and cross-sectional study from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study
Background
In England, the onset of COVID-19 and a rapidly increasing infection rate resulted in a lockdown (March-June 2020) which placed strict restrictions on movement of the public, including children. Using data collected from children living in a multi-ethnic city with high levels of deprivation, this study aimed to: (1) report children’s self-reported physical activity (PA) during the first COVID-19 UK lockdown and identify associated factors; (2) examine changes of children’s self-reported PA prior to and during the first UK lockdown.
Methods
This study is part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) COVID-19 Research Study. PA (amended Youth Activity Profile), sleep, sedentary behaviours, daily frequency/time/destination/activity when leaving the home, were self-reported by 949 children (9–13 years). A sub-sample (n = 634) also self-reported PA (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children) pre-pandemic (2017-February 2020). Univariate analysis assessed differences in PA between sex and ethnicity groups; multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with children’s PA. Differences in children's levels of being sufficiently active prior to and during the lockdown were examined using the McNemar test; and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors explaining change.
Results
During the pandemic, White British (WB) children were more sufficiently active (34.1%) compared to Pakistani Heritage children (PH) (22.8%) or ‘Other’ ethnicity children (O) (22.8%). WB children reported leaving the home more frequently and for longer periods than PH and O children. Modifiable variables related to being sufficiently active were frequency, duration, type of activity, and destination away from the home environment. There was a large reduction in children being sufficiently active during the first COVID-19 lockdown (28.9%) compared to pre-pandemic (69.4%).
Conclusions
Promoting safe extended periods of PA everyday outdoors is important for all children, in particular for children from ethnic minority groups. Children’s PA during the first COVID-19 UK lockdown has drastically reduced from before. Policy and decision makers, and practitioners should consider the findings in order to begin to understand the impact and consequences that COVID-19 has had upon children’s PA which is a key and vital behaviour for health and development.
Journal Article