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Purpose Despite the potential for research institutes to advance interdisciplinary research on university campuses, There have been few studies on how interdisciplinary research centres integrate multiple disciplines in practice, how they influence the collaborative behaviours of scientists and how they establish collaborative communities. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of how interdisciplinary research is being enabled at research institutes and offers signposts for how research institutes can further embed interdisciplinarity within their units. Design/methodology/approach Within this study, 30 interviews were conducted with leadership and faculty within 4 sustainability research institutes in the USA exploring how research institutes support interdisciplinary research within their units. A thematic analysis on the interview data revealed themes on how research institutes are enabling interdisciplinary research within their organisations and universities. Findings The study highlights eight themes on how research institutes are, and can further, enable interdisciplinary research within their organisations and universities. Some of the themes are fully implemented within the research institutes, whilst others are more aspirational and highlight where institutes can create additional capability and capacity for interdisciplinary research within their units and universities. Research limitations/implications Whilst the study is limited to four major sustainability research institutes the findings will be applicable to all research centres and institutes attempting to create interdisciplinary research environments. Practical implications The study will be of particular interest to research institutes and university leadership who wish to cultivate a deeper culture of interdisciplinary research within their organisations. Social implications The advancement of inter- and transdisciplinary research within universities are seen by many academic institutions, expert groups and funding bodies as essential for solving wicked problems and grand challenges facing society. The findings of this paper will help universities increase their capacity for interdisciplinary research. Originality/value There are few comparable publications in terms of methodology, approach and focus on research institutes.

Background Transition discourses are gaining prominence in efforts to imagine a future that adequately addresses the urgent need to establish low carbon and climate resilient pathways. Within these discourses the ‘public’ is seen as central to the creation and implementation of appropriate interventions. The role of public engagement in societal transformation while essential, is also complex and often poorly understood. The purpose of this paper is to enhance our understanding regarding public engagement and to address the often superficial and shallow policy discourse on this topic. Main text The paper offers a review of evolving literature to map emergent public engagement in processes of transition and change. We adopt a pragmatic approach towards literature retrieval and analysis which enables a cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral review. We use a scoping review process and the three spheres of transformation framework (designated as the practical, political and personal spheres) to explore trends within this complex research field. The review draws from literature from the last two decades in the Irish context and looks at emergence and evolving spaces of public engagement within various systems of change including energy, food, coastal management and flood adaptation, among others. Conclusions The results highlight the siloed and fragmented way in which public engagement in transitions is carried and we propose a more cross-sectoral and cross-disciplinary approach which depends on bringing into dialogue often contrasting theories and perspectives. The paper also illustrates some shifting engagement approaches. For instance, nexus articles between the practical and political spheres suggest deeper forms of public engagement beyond aggregated consumer behaviour to align technological delivery with institutional and societal contexts. While most articles in the practical sphere draw largely on techno-economic insights this influence and cross-disciplinarity is likely to draw in further innovations. Nexus articles between the political and personal sphere are also drawing on shifting ideas of public engagement and largely stress the need to disrupt reductive notions of engagement and agency within our institutions. Many of these articles call attention to problems with top-down public engagement structures and in various ways show how they often undermine and marginalise different groups.

This article analyses the approaches of academics seeking to engage with private, public and community-based stakeholders through transdisciplinary research about pressing sustainability challenges and, in particular, climate change; it outlines aspects of the institutional factors which influence transdisciplinary research. A qualitative approach was employed in conducting 10 semi-structured interviews to analyse the challenges and motivations of academic researchers when working with a range of other stakeholders through transdisciplinary practice. Two key contributions are made through this work. First, this article adds to the existing literature on motivations and challenges for undertaking research with private, public and community stakeholders in a cross-disciplinary manner. Second, the current institutional circumstances influencing such research practices are outlined, alongside potential ways forward. The research presented here has been undertaken in light of the experiences of the two lead co-authors as early career researchers coming from the disciplines of sociology and energy engineering, engaging in transdisciplinary research within a local community context in relation to a regional energy transition project.

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition thought to arise secondary to a combination of obstruction, recurrent bacterial infection and an incomplete immune response resulting in focal or diffuse renal destruction. This destruction may be profound with the potential to infiltrate surrounding tissues and viscera. The imaging features of XGP can be ambiguous, mimicking malignancy, tuberculosis (TB) and malakoplakia earning the title of \"the great imitator\". Computed tomography (CT) is the mainstay of XGP diagnosis and staging, accurately quantifying the stone burden and staging the renal destruction, including the extent of extra-renal spread. Although some cases in children have been successfully treated with antibiotics alone, nephrectomy remains the most common treatment for XGP in adults. The specific management strategy needs to be tailored to individual patients given the potential constellation of renal and extrarenal abnormalities. Although XGP has classically required open nephrectomy, laparoscopic nephrectomy has an increasing role to play arising from the advancement in laparoscopic skills, technique and instruments. Nephron-sparing partial nephrectomy may be considered in the focal form. Interventional radiology techniques most often play a supportive role, eg, in the initial drainage of associated abscesses, but have rarely achieved renal salvage. This narrative review seeks to synthesise the existing literature and summarise the radiological approach and interventional radiology management situated in a clinical context. Keywords: xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, XGP, staghorn calculus

The treatment and disposal of nickel‐contaminated rinse waters places an additional cost‐burden on a metal plating facility. Increasing the resource productivity within an electrolytic nickel plating process by creating a recycle loop for the “waste” components of the rinse water can reduce disposal and raw material costs. In this study, an electrowinning cell, fitted with an anion exchange membrane, was used to recover valuable components from a simulated electrolytic nickel plating rinse water by a combination of electrodeposition and electrodialysis. The anion exchange membrane in the cell permitted a dual electrode function. Nickel metal was recovered from the rinse water at the cathode and a sulfuric/hydrochloric acid mixture was generated at the anode (which can be used in the pickling baths to clean metal parts). The boric acid in the rinse water could not be recovered by anion exchange due to its high acid dissociation constant. The cell worked effectively in both a batch and a continuous feed mode. The research demonstrated that this type of electrochemical cell could feasibly replace the traditional ion exchange process for treating rinse waters, and eliminate regeneration chemicals/waste while producing useful process materials.

SCREEN DIRECTORS GUILD OF IRELAND Film Is Film Is Film! - Animation director PAUL BOLGER gets animated. What started out as a meeting of minds to create a low-budget 2 D film became a wet dream meal-ticket for some when it went 3 D and the budget exploded. What is interesting in this new digital age is how planning, proven production methods and physical ways of getting stories on screen are constantly ignored, considered old hat and just plain denigrated - to the detriment of the projects and crew involved.

This book explores the dynamics of small-scale societies in the ancient Near East by examining the ways in which particular communities functioned and interacted and by moving beyond the broad neo-evolutionary models of social change which have characterised many earlier approaches. By focusing on issues of diversity, scale, and context, it considers the ways in which economy, crafts, technology, and ritual were organised; the roles played by mortuary practices and households in the structure and development of ancient societies; and the importance of agency, identity, ethnicity, gender, community and cultural interaction for the rise of socio-economic complexity. The contributors to this volume are well-known archaeologists in the field of Near Eastern studies; all are currently engaged in fieldwork or research in Cyprus, the Levant, or Turkey. The variety and depth of the research they present here reflect the richness of the archaeological record in the 'cradle of civilisation' and convey the vibrancy of current interpretive approaches within the field of Near Eastern prehistory today.

An extraction technique has been developed that removes 50% of the regulatory light chains (RLCs) from native vertebrate myosin filaments. The extraction susceptible population correlates with a chymotryptic resistant population which can be shown to be present. Evidence is provided which suggests that all myosin molecules in native thick filaments are identical and lose one of their two RLCs during the extraction procedure. RLC removal results in the exposure of a 'sticky patch' which interacts with the filament shaft sticking the myosin cross bridge down. The ionic strength dependance of this interaction suggests that it occurs via electrostatic and not hydrophobic residues. A two fold activation in the myosin ATPase activity can be demonstrated on the addition of calcium to purified native myosin filaments (PNFs). We demonstrate that the RLCs are intimately involved in the calcium sensitivity of the myosin ATPase. We show that after the removal of 50% of the RLCs a 50% reduction in the calcium sensitivity of the ATPase is observed suggesting an activatory role for the RLCs in vertebrate myosin. Hydrodynamic analysis reveals that PNFs possess a high affinity calcium binding site (Kd = 30?M) and also a low affinity non specific site. The binding of cations to these sites has a clear effect on the hydrodynamic properties which has been used to study the relationship between them. Such analysis reveals that the Kd of the low affinity site is modulated by calcium binding to the high affinity site. The significance of such interactions and their role in the contractile cycle is discussed.

People differ in their capacity to manage and overcome stressful experiences. Although research now attends to the personal and environmental resources people marshall in the face of stress, most studies examine their importance for stress outcomes, e.g., illness, rather than determining to what extent and when these resources are activated in the process of coping. Accordingly, this study uses a prospective design to trace the manifestation of personal (test anxiety) and environmental (social ties) resources in patterns of emotional distress and coping among 52 premedical students in response to a major stressor, a medical school entrance examination. Using a three-wave panel design, changes in coping were monitored at thirty-five days before, ten days before, and seventeen days after the examination. A thirty-five day daily diary design, situated symmetrically around the examination day, was used to monitor changes in emotional distress. Group variation in emotion and coping increased as the examination approached and as latent vulnerabilities and resources became manifest under stress. Compared to low test-anxious subjects, high test-anxious subjects became highly distressed as the examination and engaged in relatively more emotion-focused, avoidant coping. In contrast, social ties were more weakly related to the emotion and coping process variables and did not predict them until the week before the examination. At that time, those most socially isolated showed the highest level of emotional distress. Thus, there are differences in when resources are activated and in the extent to which they affect patterns of emotion and coping. In sum, this study demonstrates that stress researchers must not only identify sources of vulnerability and resilience to stress, but must also attend to how and when these resources are manifested.

RBS was acutely sensitive during negotiations with Bank of China that investors should not get the impression it cared more about building a global bank than making money for shareholders. Indeed, one analyst noted earlier this month that some investors thought Sir [FRED GOODWIN] cared more about size than value. That could explain why RBS was at pains this week to say it had no plans to increase its 5 per cent stake in BoC, for which it will pay Dollars 1.6bn (Pounds 900m). It has also won unprecedented warranties and protections from Beijing to shield its investment from any sudden deterioration in the finances of the state lender, which is expected to be privatised next year. In private meetings, RBS shareholders had pressed the case for not taking too high a stake or issuing further equity. On Thursday they were pleased Sir Fred had shown himself sensitive to their concerns. One area in which RBS could potentially contribute much to BoC is helping it gain control of its 11,300-plus domestic branches around China. Like other Chinese banks, every branch of BoC is run as a virtually independent entity and central management has struggled to control the periphery and prevent corruption. Sir Fred hopes to kick off projects immediately and says there are various forms of co-operation that the banks can and will get on with. The field of corporate finance could be one of the first because there is noneed for a joint venture, which is not yet technically possible in China. HSBC is in the processof attempting to have the first such joint venture approved by Chinese regulators and Sir Fred said that if HSBC succeeds, it ought to bode well for those that follow.