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In this paper we study the performance in e+e- collisions of classical e+e- jet reconstruction algorithms, longitudinally invariant algorithms and the recently proposed Valencia algorithm. The study includes a comparison of perturbative and non-perturbative jet energy corrections and the response under realistic background conditions. Several algorithms are benchmarked with a detailed detector simulation at s=3 TeV. We find that the classical e+e- algorithms, with or without beam jets, have the best response, but they are inadequate in environments with non-negligible background. The Valencia algorithm and longitudinally invariant kt algorithms have a much more robust performance, with a slight advantage for the former.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental defect of dental enamel that shares features with hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM). Prior to permanent tooth eruption, second primary molars could have predictive value for permanent molar and incisor hypomineralization. To assess this possible relationship, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 414 children aged 8 and 9 years from the INMA cohort in Valencia (Spain). A calibrated examiner (linear-weighted Kappa 0.83) performed the intraoral examinations at the University of Valencia between November 2013 and 2014, applying the diagnostic criteria for MIH and HSPM adopted by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 100 children (24.2%) presented MIH and 60 (14.5%) presented HSPM. Co-occurrence of the two defects was observed in 11.1% of the children examined. The positive predictive value was 76.7% (63.9–86.6) and the negative predictive value 84.7% (80.6–88.3). The positive likelihood ratio (S/1-E) was 10.3 (5.9–17.9) and the negative likelihood ratio (1-S/E) 0.57 (0.47–0.68). The odds ratio was 18.2 (9.39–35.48). It was concluded that while the presence of HSPM can be considered a predictor of MIH, indicating the need for monitoring and control, the absence of this defect in primary dentition does not rule out the appearance of MIH.

The periprandial profile and effects of short- (7 days) and long-term (30 days) fasting on the ghrelinergic system were studied in goldfish ( Carassius auratus ). Plasma levels of acyl-ghrelin, desacyl-ghrelin, and ghrelin O -acyl transferase (GOAT) were analyzed by enzymoimmunoassays, and expression of preproghrelin , goat and growth hormone secretagogue receptors ( ghs - r ) was quantified by real-time PCR. Circulating levels of acyl-ghrelin and GOAT rise preprandially, supporting the role of acyl-ghrelin as a meal initiator in this teleost. Consistently, preproghrelin and ghs - r1a1 expression increases 1 h before feeding time in intestinal bulb, suggesting that this receptor subtype might be involved in the preprandial action of ghrelin in this tissue. Significant postfeeding variations are detected for preproghrelin in telencephalon, goat in telencephalon and hypothalamus, ghs - r1a1 in vagal lobe, ghs - r1a2 and ghs - r2a1 in hypothalamus and ghs - r2a2 in telencephalon and vagal lobe, especially in unfed fish. Short- and long-term fasting significantly increase preproghrelin expression in telencephalon and gut. Goat expression is upregulated by short-term fasting in telencephalon and hypothalamus, and by both short- and long-term fasting in gut. Expression of ghs - r increases by fasting in telencephalon, while an upregulation of type 2, but not type 1, receptors is observed in vagal lobe. In intestinal bulb, ghs - r1a2 transcripts increase after both short- and long-term fasting. These results show a high dependence of the ghrelinergic system on feeding and nutritional status in fish, and demonstrate for the first time a differential implication of the various components of this system suggesting different roles for the four ghrelinergic receptor subtypes.

In people, obesity and prediabetes mellitus might predispose to chronic kidney disease (CKD). To assess the association of overweight [Body condition score (BCS) >5] and glucose metabolism alterations, with established or potential markers of CKD. In addition, fructosamine and fasted blood glucose were compared as predictors of early abnormal glucose metabolism. 54 clinically healthy cats were included in a cross-sectional study comprising 25 neutered males and 29 (28 neutered) females aged 7.2 (5.5-9.4) years. Two potential markers of CKD, namely urinary free active transforming growth factor-β1-creatinine ratio and urinary retinol binding protein-creatinine ratio were measured along with other parameters to assess CKD. A receiver operating curve was used to identify the best sensitivity and specificity of fructosamine to identify cats with fasting glucose >6.5 mmol/L. No association was found between BCS and markers of CKD. Fructosamine was greater in cats with fasting glucose >6.5 mmol/L compared to those with fasting glucose ≤6.5 mmol/L. A fructosamine concentration ≥250 µmol/L was able to detect cats with hyperglycemia with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 65%. Furthermore, fructosamine was more strongly correlated with fasting glucose than albumin-corrected fructosamine (r = 0.43, p = 0.002 vs r = 0.32, p = 0.026). Cats with higher fructosamine had lower serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations. The present study does not suggest an effect of obesity on renal function in domestic cats. Fructosamine might be of value for the diagnosis of prediabetes mellitus in cats.

Top quark production in the process e + e - → t t ¯ at a future linear electron positron collider with polarised beams is a powerful tool to determine indirectly the scale of new physics. The presented study, based on a detailed simulation of the ILD detector concept, assumes a centre-of-mass energy of s = 500  GeV and a luminosity of L = 500 fb - 1 equally shared between the incoming beam polarisations of P e - , P e + = ± 0.8 , ∓ 0.3 . Events are selected in which the top pair decays semi-leptonically and the cross sections and the forward–backward asymmetries are determined. Based on these results, the vector, axial vector and tensorial CP conserving couplings are extracted separately for the photon and the Z 0 component. With the expected precision, a large number of models in which the top quark acts as a messenger to new physics can be distinguished with many standard deviations. This will dramatically improve expectations from e.g. the LHC for electro-weak couplings of the top quark.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) beam-based acceleration baseline uses high-gradient travelling wave accelerating structures at a frequency of 12 GHz. In order to prove the performance of these structures at high peak power and short pulse width RF, two klystron-based test facilities will be put in operation this year. The first Southern Hemisphere X-band Laboratory for Accelerators and Beams (X-LAB) is currently being commissioned at the University of Melbourne, it will house half of the CERN X-band test stand XBOX3, which has been renamed Mel-BOX. Like XBOX3, Mel-BOX employs a novel means of combining high average power but relatively low peak power (6 MW) klystron units to direct power to two testing slots with a repetition rate of up to 400 Hz. As well as the repetition rate, peak power, pulse length and pulse shape can be customised to fit the testing requirements. This novel means of producing high power and high repetition RF pulses can eventually be used for many other applications where multiple test slots are required. This proceedings focuses on the integration and 1st commissioning of Mel-BOX with short pulses. There are also plans for it to form the basis for developing a compact accelerator for medical or university applications, such as radiotherapy and compact light sources [1].

This study was designed to assess the influence of activation and blockade of the endogenous opioid system in the brain on two key proteins involved in the regulation of programmed cell death: the pro‐apoptotic Fas receptor and the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 oncoprotein. The acute treatment of rats with the μ‐opioid receptor agonist morphine (3 – 30 mg kg−1, i.p., 2 h) did not modify the immunodensity of Fas or Bcl‐2 proteins in the cerebral cortex. Similarly, the acute treatment with low and high doses of the antagonist naloxone (1 and 100 mg kg−1, i.p., 2 h) did not alter Fas or Bcl‐2 protein expression in brain cortex. These results discounted a tonic regulation through opioid receptors on Fas and Bcl‐2 proteins in rat brain. Chronic morphine (10 – 100 mg kg−1, 5 days, and 10 mg kg−1, 13 days) induced marked increases (47 – 123%) in the immunodensity of Fas receptor in the cerebral cortex. In contrast, chronic morphine (5 and 13 days) decreased the immunodensity of Bcl‐2 protein (15 – 30%) in brain cortex. Chronic naloxone (10 mg kg−1, 13 days) did not alter the immunodensities of Fas and Bcl‐2 proteins in the cerebral cortex. The concurrent chronic treatment (13 days) of naloxone (10 mg kg−1) and morphine (10 mg kg−1) completely prevented the morphine‐induced increase in Fas receptor and decrease in Bcl‐2 protein immunoreactivities in the cerebral cortex. The results indicate that morphine, through the sustained activation of opioid receptors, can promote abnormal programmed cell death by enhancing the expression of pro‐apoptotic Fas receptor protein and damping the expression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 oncoprotein. British Journal of Pharmacology (2001) 134, 1263–1270; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704364

To measure the incorporation of oleic acid and antioxidants (phenols and vitamin E) to low density lipoprotein (LDL) after acute and short-term ingestion of virgin olive oil. To study whether this incorporation contributes to an increase in LDL resistance to oxidation. Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Barcelona, Spain and Department of Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain. Sixteen healthy volunteers aged 25-65 y. To observe the change in the fatty acid profile, vitamin E, phenolic compounds and LDL oxidation-related variables after the postprandial phase and after daily ingestion of olive oil for one week. Few changes were observed in the postprandial phase. However, after a week of olive oil consumption there was an increase in oleic acid (P=0.015), vitamin E (P=0.047), phenolics (P=0.021) and lag time (P=0.000), and a decrease in the maximum amount of dienes (P=0.045) and oxidation rate (P=0.05). After ingestion of virgin olive oil, an increase in antioxidants and oleic acid in LDL was observed as well as an improvement of LDL resistance to oxidation. Our results support the idea that daily ingestion of virgin olive oil could protect LDL from oxidation. This study was supported by a research grant from Spain (ALI 97-1607-C02-02).

Objectives: To determine whether serial measures of the interleukin receptor family member soluble ST2 (sST2) provide additional prognostic information to baseline measures for long-term risk stratification of acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 72 ADHF patients. Blood samples were collected to measure sST2 concentrations at presentation and on day 4 of hospitalization. All patients were clinically followed, and vital status was registered. Results: Between presentation and day 4, sST2 concentrations decreased from 62 ng/ml (interquartile range 38–105) to 44 ng/ml (interquartile range 26–72; p < 0.001). Both sST2 concentrations at presentation [hazard ratio (HR) 1.011, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005–1.016; p < 0.001] and on day 4 (HR 1.015, 95% CI 1.005–1.024; p = 0.003) were independent predictors of mortality. Patients with sST2 ≤76 ng/ml at presentation and ≤46 ng/ml on day 4 had the lowest mortality rates (3%), whereas those with both sST2 values above these cutoff points had the highest mortality (50%). C index and reclassification analyses demonstrated that the use of serial sST2 measures resulted in an improvement in the accuracy of mortality prediction. Conclusions: Among ADHF patients, sST2 concentrations tend to decrease following initiation of treatment and are prognostic both at presentation and during hospitalization. Serial sampling of sST2 adds prognostic information and may provide a basis for enhanced clinical decision making.

An S-band High-Gradient (HG) Radio Frequency (RF) laboratory is under construction and commissioning at IFIC. The purpose of the laboratory is to perform investigations of high-gradient phenomena and to develop normal-conducting RF technology, with special focus on RF systems for hadron-therapy. The layout of the facility is derived from the scheme of the Xbox-3 test facility at CERN [1] and uses medium peak-power (7.5 MW) and high repetition rate (400 Hz) klystrons, whose RF output is combined to drive two testing slots to the required power. The design and construction of the various components of the system started in 2016 and has been completed. The installation and commissioning of the laboratory is progressing, with first results expected before mid-2018. The technical characteristics of the different elements of the system and the commissioning status together with preliminary results are described.