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The present study used genome-based approaches to investigate the taxonomic relationship between Kitasatospora cineracea DSM 44780T and Kitasatospora niigatensis DSM 44781T, two species that were previously described by Tajima et al. (Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1765–1771, 2001). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average amino acid identity (AAI), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the genomes of the two type strains were 90.3, 98.7, and 99.1%, respectively. These values exceeded the established thresholds of 70% (dDDH) and 95–96% (ANI and AAI) for bacterial species delineation, suggesting that K. cineracea and K. niigatensis should share the same taxonomic position. Furthermore, our analysis using the ‘Bacterial Pan Genome Analysis’ (BPGA) pipeline and the Maximum Likelihood core-genes tree inferred using FastTree2 consistently demonstrated that K. cineracea DSM 44780T and K. niigatensis DSM 44781T are closely related, as indicated by the clustering of these strains in the core-genes phylogenomic tree. Based on these findings, we propose that K. niigatensis should be considered a later heterotypic synonym of K. cineracea.

This study employs genome-based methodologies to explore the taxonomic relationship between Caldicoprobacter faecalis DSM 20678T and Caldicoprobacter oshimai DSM 21659T. The genome-based similarity indices calculations consisting of digital DNA–DNA Hybridization (dDDH), Average Amino Aid Identity (AAI), and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) between the genomes of these two type strains yielded percentages of 91.2%, 98.9%, and 99.1%, respectively. These values were above the recommended thresholds of 70% (dDDH) and 95–96% (ANI and AAI) for bacterial species delineation, indicating a shared taxonomic position for C. faecalis and C. oshimai. Furthermore, analysis utilizing the 'Bacterial Pan Genome Analysis' (BPGA) pipeline and constructing a Maximum Likelihood core-genes tree using FastTree2 consistently demonstrated the close relationship between C. faecalis DSM 20678T and C. oshimai DSM 21659T, evident from their clustering in the core-genes phylogenomic tree. Based on these comprehensive findings, we propose the reclassification of C. faecalis as a later heterotypic synonym of C. oshimai.

The taxonomy of the Listeriaceae family has undergone substantial revisions, expanding the Listeria genus from 6 to 29 species since 2009. However, these classifications have relied on 16S rRNA gene sequences and conventional polyphasic taxonomy, with limited use of genomic approaches. This study aimed to employ genomic tools, including phylogenomics, Overall Genomic Relatedness Indices (OGRIs), and core-genome phylogenomic analyses, to reevaluate the taxonomy of the Listeriaceae family. The analyses involved the construction of phylogenetic and phylogenomic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genomes from 34 type strain genomes belonging to Listeriaceae family. OGRIs, which encompass Average Amino acid Identity (AAI), core-proteome AAI (cAAI), and Percentage of Conserved Proteins (POCP), were calculated, and specific threshold values of 70%, 87%, and 72–73% were established, respectively, to delimitate genera in the Listeriaceae family. These newly proposed OGRI thresholds unveiled distinct evolutionary lineages. The outcomes of this taxonomic re-evaluation were: (i): the division of the Listeria genus into an emended Listeria genus regrouping only Listeria senso stricto species; (ii): the remaining Listeria senso lato species were transferred into three newly proposed genera: Murraya gen. nov., Mesolisteria gen. nov., and Paenilisteria gen. nov. within Listeriaceae ; (iii): Brochothrix was transferred to the newly proposed family Brochothricaceae fam. nov. within the Caryophanales order; (iiii): Listeria ivanovii subsp. londonensis was elevated to the species level as Listeria londonensis sp. nov.; and (iiiii): Murraya murrayi comb. nov. was reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of Murraya grayi comb. nov. This taxonomic framework enables more precise identification of pathogenic Listeriaceae species, with significant implications for important areas such as food safety, clinical diagnostics, epidemiology, and public health.

The biocontrol potential and plant-growth-promotion activities of seventeen actinobacteria, isolated from roots of native plants and soils harvested in the Algerian Sahara, were investigated. All strains were tested in vitro against five soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi. Six out of seventeen strains were tested in vivo for their biocontrol potential against Bipolaris sorokiniana strain LB12 as well as for their growth-promotion activities of durum wheat (cv. Vitron) seedlings via seed treatments in sterilized and non-sterilized soils. The root rot disease severity index (DSI) of wheat plants derived from seeds treated with actinobacteria (biological seed treatment) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with those obtained from non-treated wheat seeds sown in inoculated pots (positive control). The strain Nocardiopsis dassonvillei MB22 showed the highest biocontrol activity with the DSI much lower than that of the positive control (27.7% versus 90.8% when non-treated seeds were sown in infested soil). No significant difference was observed between the DSI of plants obtained from biological seed treatments with the strain MB22 and those derived from seeds treated with the chemical fungicide Difeconazole®. Biological seed treatment with the spores of the strain MB22 resulted in greatest increases in the dry weight, the root and shoot length of seedlings. In in vitro tests, the strain MB22 was positive for the production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, showed chitinolytic activity and solubilized inorganic phosphates which are commonly known features for the plant-growth-promotion and biocontrol activities of a given strain.

A newly characterized actinobacterial strain, designated B20, displayed remarkable tolerance to extreme pH and NaCl conditions, while showcasing a diversity in carbon source utilization. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed its taxonomic assignment within the genus . However, several physiological features were found to differentiate B20 from its most closely related species. Notably, sp. B20 demonstrated potent and selective antifungal activity against various micro-fungi, suggesting its potential as a valuable source for targeted antifungal compounds. Ethyl acetate extract contains a bioactive compound, B20-1, displaying antifungal properties. Chemical revelations indicated the presence of sugars and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in B20-1 compound. The discovery of antifungal PAHs derived from natural sources presents promising opportunity for addressing fungal infections while mitigating environmental concerns and resistance risks associated with synthetic fungicides. However, further research is warranted to evaluate efficacy, assess ecological impacts, and explore potential applications across diverse industries.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are currently one of the most important medical practice visits. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the community complicates the therapeutic management. The aim of this study is to investigate the bacteria associated with community acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) and the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates during 2021 in Algiers, northern Algeria. A total of 548 urine samples from patients with CA-UTIs symptoms were analyzed. Pure bacterial isolates were identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics, and subjected to antibiogram evaluation using the disk diffusion method. A total 133 out of 548 patients (24.27%) had positive CA-UTIs, mainly affecting women (84.21%). A percentage of 87.22% of isolates were identified as , which were represented mostly by (76 isolates), (13 isolates), and (13 isolates). A number of 125 isolates (93.98%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. The results showed the highest antibiotic resistance to ampicillin (92.24%) and amoxicillinclavulanic acid (91.37%), and revealed the most sensitivity to cefotaxime and nitrofurantoin (95.69%) and colistin (93.11%). The results of this study revealed high concerns about CA-UTIs caused by multidrug-resistant

The taxonomic position of a new Saccharothrix strain, designated MB46 T , isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected in Mzab region (Ghardaïa province, South Algeria) was established following a polyphasic approach. The novel microorganism has morphological and chemical characteristics typical of the members of the genus Saccharothrix and formed a phyletic line at the periphery of the Saccharothrix espanaensis subcluster in the 16S rRNA gene dendrograms. Results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain MB46 T shares high degrees of similarity with S . espanaensis DSM 44229 T (99.2%), Saccharothrix variisporea DSM 43911 T (98.7%) and Saccharothrix texasensis NRRL B-16134 T (98.6%). However, the new strain exhibited only 12.5–17.5% DNA relatedness to the neighbouring Saccharothrix spp. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and DNA-DNA hybridizations, strain MB46 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Saccharothrix , for which the name Saccharothrix ghardaiensis sp. nov. (type strain MB46 T  = DSM 46886 T  = CECT 9046 T ) is proposed.

A filamentous actinobacterium, designated strain PM3 T , was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Abbès, Béchar (South-West Algeria). A polyphasic taxonomic study was carried out to establish the status of strain PM3 T . The isolate was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomical properties associated with members of the genus Planomonospora . The new isolated microorganism developed cylindrical sporangia arranged in double parallel rows on aerial mycelium, each one containing a motile single sporangiospore. The cell wall of the strain was found to contain meso -diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates were found to contain madurose, glucose, mannose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-9(H 2 ) (69.6%). The polar lipids detected were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine and glucosamine-containing lipids. The major fatty acids were found to be C 17:1 ω9c (38.6%) and C 17:0 (24.2%). Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain PM3 T shared a high degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Planomonospora sphaerica DSM 44632 T (99.3%), Planomonospora parontospora subsp. parontospora DSM 43177 T (99.2%) and P. parontospora subsp. antibiotica DSM 43869 T (99.0%). DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain PM3 T and the type strains of the closely related species were between 58.4 and 70.1%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data support the conclusion that strain PM3 T represents a novel species of the genus Planomonospora , for which the name Planomonospora algeriensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PM3 T (=DSM 46752 T  = CECT 9047 T ).

With the aim of studying the biodiversity and the antimicrobial potential of three rare actinobacterial genera: Planomonospora, Saccharothrix and Actinophytocola in Algerian Saharan soils, 65 isolates representing the morphological characteristics of Planomonospora (17) and Saccharothrix/Actinophytocola (48) were isolated from 13 soil samples at 4 different sites in southern Algeria. The isolation was carried out on humic acid-vitamin agar medium using dilution techniques with several soil pretreatment and antibiotics as selective agents. Based on preliminary examination, 21 out of 65 isolates were kept for further investigations: Planomonospora (10) and Saccharothrix/Actinophytocola (11). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA/DNA hybridization (DDH) showed that four strains, isolated from two different sites: Béchar (PM3) and Ghardaïa (MB20 and MB27), were found to represent four novel species. Moreover, they formed a distinct phyletic line within the clade of the most related genus: PM3 (DSM 46752T) with Planomonospora, MB27 (DSM 46885T) and MB46 (DSM 46886T) with Saccharothrix and MB20 (DSM 46746T) with Actinophytocola. While many novel species belonging to the genera Saccharothrix have been isolated from Algerian Saharan soils, this is the first report to describe the isolation of new species of Planomonospora and Actinophytocola from this extreme habitat. An assessment of the antimicrobial properties of the actinobacterial strains showed that 38 out of 65 have moderate to strong antimicrobial activities against Gram positive bacteria, fungi or yeasts. These results indicated the importance of further exploration of rare Saharan Actinobacteria for potentially original antimicrobial agents.