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ABSTRACT Litter accumulating in natural environments has led to plastic pollution on land, in waterways and in oceans. To address this problem, people have started to pick up litter when walking outdoors. However, research on this emerging pro-environmental behaviour is very limited. In the web-based Litter Walker Survey conducted in 2021/2022, we investigated Australian adults aged 18+ years (N = 547, mean age: 51 years, 86% female) who pick up litter when walking outdoors in terms of litter walking behaviour, motivations to start picking up litter, and individual and social factors associated with litter walking. Findings showed that most participants (80%) regularly engaged in litter walking (≥1–3 times per week). Participants were motivated by a sense of social responsibility, environmental consciousness and inspiration from others. Middle age (OR = 1.95, p = 0.034), physical activity motivation (OR = 2.85, p = 0.011) and previous participation in clean-up events (OR = 1.93, p = 0.019) were associated with regular litter walking. In conclusion, community-based initiatives to promote picking up litter during outdoor activities may benefit from targeting middle-aged adults and combining walking with collecting litter for planetary health. Community clean-up events may provide an avenue to inspire litter walking.

This study examines the growth trajectories of the orbital cavity, anterior cranial fossa and paranasal sinuses within the human skull through ontogenetic growth. Five hundred subadult individuals (0-20 years of age) were analyzed through CT scans and digital 3D model reconstruction. Linear distances, volumes and geometric morphometrics (based on fixed landmarks and semi-landmark curves) were employed to observe the morphological transformation in these regions through ontogeny. This dissertation investigates whether the regions of interest are significantly associated with age after the initial exponential growth that occurs from ages 0-6.99 years, and whether they are accurate predictors of chronological or biological age in subadult skeletal remains. The variables representing the ACF stabilized in growth before the variables representing the orbit or paranasal sinuses. The maxillary sinus exhibited the strongest association with age across the growth process and demonstrated the highest predictive ability. Many fields including anatomy, forensics, and archaeology, utilize age estimation techniques to analyze subadult skeletal remains. This study aims to evaluate the viability of a novel age estimation technique that could be used alongside traditional aging methods such as dental eruption and epiphyseal fusion, or serve as a replacement when the elements necessary for those methods are not present.

We explored perspectives of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) on symptom screening and population-level patient-reported outcome (PRO) data regarding common symptom trajectories in the year after diagnosis. A qualitative study of patients with mNSCLC was conducted at a Canadian tertiary cancer centre. English-speaking patients diagnosed ≥ 6 months prior to study invitation were recruited, and semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted. Patient and treatment characteristics were obtained via chart review. Anonymized interview transcripts underwent deductive-inductive coding and thematic content analysis. Among ten participants (5 (50%) females; median (range) age, 68 (56–77) years; median (range) time since diagnosis, 28.5 (6–72) months; 6 (60%) with smoking histories), six themes were identified in total. Two themes were identified regarding symptom screening: (1) screening is useful for symptom self-monitoring and disclosure to the healthcare team, (2) screening of additional quality-of-life (QOL) domains (smoking-related stigma, sexual dysfunction, and financial toxicity) is desired. Four themes were identified regarding population-level symptom trajectory PRO data: (1) data provide reassurance and motivation to engage in symptom self-management, (2) data should be disclosed after an oncologic treatment plan is developed, (3) data should be communicated via in-person discussion with accompanying patient-education resources, and (4) communication of data should include reassurance about symptom stabilization, acknowledgement of variability in patient experience, and strategies for symptom self-management. The themes and recommendations derived from the patient experience with mNSCLC provide guidance for enhanced symptom screening and utilization of population-level symptom trajectory data for patient education.

This chapter focuses on the biodegradable subset of bioplastic alternatives, including thermoplastic starch, polylactic acid, and polyhydroxyalkanoate, which offer significant potential for tackling long-term plastic pollution. The majority of plastic ends up in landfills, but a considerable proportion also will escape into the environment, including the oceans. The volume of biodegradable bioplastics produced represents only a very small fraction of global plastics production. The fate of biodegradable bioplastics in natural and engineered environments is poorly understood and potentially problematic. Biodegradable bioplastics, as a \"silver bullet\" for plastic pollution, are not compatible with this agenda, as they are normally being designed from the outset to be disposed of after one use. A critical question when considering the use of biodegradable bioplastics is what happens to polymers in the environment. Starch-based mulch films have been shown to perform similarly to conventional plastic in terms of agronomic benefit, although control of lifetimes and mechanical properties can be a challenge.

The news last week of Bob Gamgort's departure from Mars Inc came as a shock in marketing circles. Even more stunning is what prompted his exit: a butting of heads between Gamgort, the global president of its flagship chocolate business, and Mars' global president Paul S. Michaels -- and the company's full disclosure of that to employees. Gamgort referred calls to Mars corporate communications, which confirmed his decision to leave the company. Gamgort made his mark at Mars by recruiting top talent and exhibiting the willingness to undertake drastic moves when necessary.

Dan Wieden and Howard Schultz have mended a few broken bridges between their organizations. But last week, reacting to what it saw as Starbucks' micromanagement, waffling and shift to a jump-ball approach for future ad assignments, Wieden & Kennedy took the unusual step of quitting the business. Executives with knowledge of the situation said Starbucks was simply a very frustrating client for Wieden, an agency that other marketers have described as unusually honest in its communication with clients. Moving forward, it's expected that Starbucks will work with a handful of agencies on a project basis rather than designating another agency of record. A spokeswoman wouldn't say which agencies are on the roaster's roster.

CEO Howard Schultz insists he's returning Starbucks to its roots, but he's doing it with mass-marketing tactics once anathema to the original brand. The company is estimated to have nearly doubled its marketing spending to $100 million, and last week it began an aggressive coupon program unlike anything in its history, raising questions about its turnaround strategy. But former Starbucks marketing executive John Moore described the coupon effort as more prolonged than anything the company has done before. Some, however, defended the strategy. Larry Light, former chief marketing officer at McDonald's, said sampling over a period of time can be much more effective than one-time giveaways.

\"I think it's a big risk,\" said Eric Kim, owner of Los Angeles' Monarchy Jeans. \"I don't think there's a market for a higher-rise jean. I do think it's getting cleaner in washes. But it's not going wider leg or back to the basics out there. European distributors only touch skinny-leg jeans.\"