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Glaciers in the Himalaya are often heavily covered with supraglacial debris,making them difficult to study with remotely-sensed imagery alone.Various methods such as band ratios can be used effectively to map clean-ice glaciers;however,a thicker layer of debris often makes it impossible to distinguish between supraglacial debris and the surrounding terrain.Previously,a morphometric mapping approach employing an ASTER-derived digital elevation model has been used to map glaciers in the Khumbu Himal and the Tien Shan.This study on glaciers in the Greater Himalaya Range in Zanskar,southern Ladakh,aims （i） to use the morphometric approach to map large debris-covered glaciers;and （ii） to use Landsat and ASTER data and GPS and field measurements to document glacier change over the past four decades.Field work was carried out in the summers of 2008.For clean ice,band ratios from the ASTER dataset were used to distinguish glacial features.For debris-covered glaciers,topographic features such as slope were combined with thermal imagery and supervised classifiers to map glacial margins.The method is promising for large glaciers,although problems occurred in the distal and lateral parts and in the fore field of the glaciers.A multi-temporal analysis of glaciers in Zanskar showed that in general they have receded since at least the mid-to late-1970s.However,some few glaciers that advanced or oscillated - probably because of specific local environmental conditions - do exist.

Background The care of wounds is an ongoing issue for Indigenous people worldwide, yet culturally safe Indigenous wound care training programs for rural and remote Australian Aboriginal Health Workers are largely unavailable. The higher prevalence of chronic disease, lower socioeconomic status and poorer access to services experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders compared to non-Indigenous people, leads to a greater incidence of chronic wounds in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Identifying the barriers and enablers for delivering wound care will establish areas of need for facilitating the development of a specific wound care program for Aboriginal Health Workers and Aboriginal Health Practitioners. This paper reports the first phase of a larger project directly aligned to the Indigenous Australians’ Health Program’s objective of supporting the delivery and access to high quality, culturally appropriate health care and services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. This study aimed to examine experiences of Aboriginal Health Workers, Aboriginal Health Practitioners, and nurses for managing chronic wounds within rural and remote Aboriginal Medical Services in Queensland, Australia. Methods Yarning facilitated by two Aboriginal researchers among Aboriginal Health Workers, Aboriginal Health Practitioners, and nurses currently employed within four Aboriginal Medical Services located in rural and remote areas of Queensland, Australia. Results Two themes were developed through rigorous data analysis of yarning information and responses: participants’ experiences of managing wounds and barriers and enablers to effective wound care. Conclusions This study contributes an insight into the experiences of Aboriginal Health Workers on the current barriers and enablers to timely treatment of chronic wounds. Results from this study indicate a significant barrier to obtaining timely and effective wound care in regional and remote settings is access to an appropriately skilled, culturally competent, and resourced health work force. A lack of education and professional development for Aboriginal Health Workers can compromise their ability to maximise patient outcomes and delay wound healing. Findings have informed the development of an evidence based, culturally competent open access chronic wound care education program for Aboriginal Health Workers.

The biotechnology encompasses all aspects of human existence, it has enormous commercial potential. Using a variety of methods to transmit specially designed gene assemblies is the most effective biotechnological strategy. Nevertheless, this intentional alteration and the products that derive from it have become a source of conflict worldwide. Despite their advantages, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have long been viewed as a danger to human health and the environment. Therefore, various nations' biosafety standards have deemed it important to verify the viability of GMOs in controlled and confined environments for any possible threats they may cause. This essay explains the several facets of risk, including its evaluation and management, which are crucial when making decisions on the safe use of genetically modified organisms. Regulation implementation requires effective efforts. There is also discussion of the significance of risk assessment, management, and a precautionary approach in environmental accords and activism.

Demonising Disney is nothing new. Disney films have long been synonymous with a certain conservative, patriarchal, heterosexual ideology, occupying a centre-stage position at the heart of the evil empire. Deconstructing Disney takes issue with knee-jerk polarities, overturning classical oppositions and recognising that, just as the Disney 'text' has changed, so too must the terms of critical engagement. This book is a sharply focused deconstruction of the political culture - and the cultural politics - of the Disney canon in the years since the emergence of the so-called New World Order. Eleanor Byrne and Martin McQuillan offer a critical encounter with Disney which alternates between readings of individual texts and wider thematic concerns such as race, gender and sexuality, the broader context of American contemporary culture, and the global ambitions and insularity of the last great superpower. The movies discussed include The Little Mermaid, The Lion King, Pocohontas, Snow White, Bedknobs and Broomsticks, Dumbo, Peter Pan, The Jungle Book, Hercules and Mulan.

This paper outlines a £1.5m, three year, research project that commenced during the middle of 2002 to determine a design framework for shallow foundations for offshore wind turbines. The shallow foundations in focus are suction-installed skirted foundations otherwise known as suction caissons (Houlsby and Byrne, 2000). There are eight distinct themes to the research covering all aspects of the geotechnical performance of these foundations. The funding for the project has been obtained from the Department of Trade and Industry (£917k), Industrial Partners (£373k) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (£221k). The results will feed into the design process for offshore wind turbines almost immediately.

The bioproduction of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles was demonstrated through the reduction of amorphous Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide starting materials by the dissimilatory iron reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens in an environmentally benign method. Magnetite nanoparticles have magnetic characteristics coupled with a high surface area to volume ratio and biogenically produced magnetite often has a highly reactive surface Fe(II) layer. Through the work described in this thesis, the properties of magnetite nanoparticles were manipulated in several different ways. The control of particle size was achieved through the adjustment of the total amount of bacteria (biomass) introduced at the start of the Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide reduction process. High concentrations of bacteria led to the formation of small (~10 nm) nanoparticles whereas low concentrations led to larger (~50 nm) particle formation. Additional mineral phases were formed, with goethite and siderite observed for very low and very high bacterial concentrations respectively. The change in particle size and additional mineral phases formed were attributed to the rate and extent of Fe(II) formation, linked to changes in biomass loadings, with high biomass releasing high concentrations of Fe(II) and low biomass releasing low concentrations of Fe(II).The control of magnetic properties was achieved by the incorporation of transition metal dopants including zinc and cobalt into the crystal structure of the magnetite, producing nanoparticles of the form MxFe3-xO4, (M=Zn or Co). The different dopants substitute into the crystal structure in different locations (as determined through X-ray absorption and Mӧssbauer spectroscopies). Zinc has a preference for replacing Fe(III) in tetrahedral coordination, resulting in a decrease in the anti-ferromagnetic component between octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites, leading to an increase in saturation magnetization of the material (>50 %) compared to stoichiometric magnetite. Cobalt has a strong affinity to replace Fe(II) in octahedral coordination which results in an increase in the measured coercivity without significantly decreasing the saturation magnetization.The biotechnological potential of biogenic magnetite was also investigated through an appraisal of Fe(II)-mediated chromate (Cr(VI)) remediation. Decreasing particle size (i.e. increasing surface area to volume ratio) led to an enhanced ability to reduce highly toxic Cr(VI) to non-toxic Cr(III). In separate experiments, cobalt doping in magnetite also significantly increased the effectiveness of the nanomaterial for use in magnetic hyperthermia treatments, which could ultimately be used for cancer therapy. Finally, the scalability of biogenic magnetite production was shown. Geobacter sulfurreducens growth in batch culture and subsequent iron transformation stages were significantly increased in scale by factors of 500× and 1000× respectively. This could pave the way for future commercial production of biogenic magnetite for use in many different applications.

This study examines whether teaching preschool children to detect rhyme promotes their ability to detect phoneme relations. The study concludes that while rhyme remains an important pre-literate activity, there is no evidence that it directly promotes phonemic awareness. An experimental group of 23 mixed gender, English as a first language kindergarten and preschool children were compared to a control group of the the same number and type. [Author abstract, ed]