Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
3,530
result(s) for
"Centre d"
Sort by:
Efficacy of Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Microparticles of Whey Protein and Alginate for Oral Insulin Delivery
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of mucoadhesive insulinloadedwhey protein (WP) /alginate (ALG) microparticles (MP)for oral insulin administration.Methods Insulin-loaded microparticles (ins-MP) made of wheyprotein and alginate were prepared by a cold gelation techniqueand an adsorption method, without adjunction of organic solventin order to develop a biocompatible vehicle for oraladministration of insulin. In vitro characterization, evaluations ofins-MP in excised intestinal tissues and hypoglycaemic effectsafter intestinal administration in healthy rats were performedResults The release properties and swelling behaviors, investigatedin different pH buffers, demonstrated a release based ondiffusion mechanism following matrix swelling. Mucoadhesionstudies in rabbits and insulin transport experiments with excisedintestinal rat tissues revealed that encapsulation in microparticleswith mucoadhesive properties promotes insulin absorption acrossduodenal membranes and bioactivity protection. In vivo experimentsreinforced the interest of encapsulation in whey protein/alginate combination. Confocal microscopic observations associatedwith blood glucose levels bring to light duodenal absorptionof insulin biologically active following in vivo administration.Conclusions Insulin-loaded WP/ALG MP with high quantities ofdrug entrapped, in vitromatrix swelling and protective effect as wellas excellent mucohadesive properties was developped. Improvementof intestinal delivery of insulin and increased in bioavailabilitywere recorded.
Journal Article
Evaluation of polyherbal formulation in broilers fed high energy diet: Implications on zootechnical parameters, fat accretion, and serum L-carnitine levels
The current broiler trial was planned to assess the effects of Kolin Plus™, a polyherbal formulation (PHF), on performance, protein and fat accretion, and serum L-carnitine (LC) levels in broilers fed a high-energy diet (HED).
A total of 500 1-day-old Cobb 430 male chicks were assigned to 5 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates, with 10 birds in each replicate (
= 100). Group G1 was a negative control fed HED, and group G2, a positive control supplemented with synthetic choline chloride (SCC) 1,500 gm/ton in HED. Groups G3, G4, and G5 were supplemented with PHF in HED at 400, 500, and 750 gm/ton feed, respectively (PHF400, PHF500, and PHF750).
The PHF produced a dose-dependent numerical improvement in body weight, feed conversion ratio, livability, and the European Production Index. There were no changes in carcass nitrogen and protein accretion, whereas a statistically significant decrease (
< 0.05) in carcass fat and fat accretion was observed in the SCC and PHF groups. Moreover, PHF showed a significant increase in serum LC levels.
Kolin Plus™ improves performance parameters akin to SCC by improving fat metabolism and mobilization by enhancing serum LC levels and restoring normal fat accretion.
Journal Article
miR390, Arabidopsis TAS3 tasiRNAs, and Their AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR Targets Define an Autoregulatory Network Quantitatively Regulating Lateral Root Growth
Plants adapt to different environmental conditions by constantly forming new organs in response to morphogenetic signals. Lateral roots branch from the main root in response to local auxin maxima. How a local auxin maximum translates into a robust pattern of gene activation ensuring the proper growth of the newly formed lateral root is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miR390, TAS3-derived trans-acting short-interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs), and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs) form an auxin-responsive regulatory network controlling lateral root growth. Spatial expression analysis using reporter gene fusions, tasi/miRNA sensors, and mutant analysis showed that miR390 is specifically expressed at the sites of lateral root initiation where it triggers the biogenesis of tasiRNAs. These tasiRNAs inhibit ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4, thus releasing repression of lateral root growth. In addition, ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 affect auxin-induced miR390 accumulation. Positive and negative feedback regulation of miR390 by ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 thus ensures the proper definition of the miR390 expression pattern. This regulatory network maintains ARF expression in a concentration range optimal for specifying the timing of lateral root growth, a function similar to its activity during leaf development. These results also show how small regulatory RNAs integrate with auxin signaling to quantitatively regulate organ growth during development.
Journal Article
Future of evidence ecosystem series: 1. Introduction Evidence synthesis ecosystem needs dramatic change
This article presents why the planning, conduct, and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of therapeutic interventions are suboptimal.
We present an overview of the limitations of the current system of evidence synthesis for therapeutic interventions.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are a cornerstone of health care decisions. However, despite the increasing a number of published systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions, the current evidence synthesis ecosystem is not properly addressing stakeholders’ needs. The current production process leads to a series of disparate systematic reviews because of erratic and inefficient planning with a process that is not always comprehensive and is prone to bias. Evidence synthesis depends on the quality of primary research, so primary research that is not available is biased or selectively reported raises important concerns. Moreover, the lack of interactions between the community of primary research producers and systematic reviewers impedes the optimal use of data. The context has considerably evolved, with ongoing research innovations, a new medical approach with the end of the one-size-fits-all approach, more available data, and new patient expectations. All these changes must be introduced into the future evidence ecosystem.
Dramatic changes are needed to enable this future ecosystem to become user driven and user oriented and more useful for decision-making.
Journal Article
African bushpigs exhibit porous species boundaries and appeared in Madagascar concurrently with human arrival
African bushpigs exhibit porous species boundaries and appeared in Madagascar concurrently with human arrival. A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper Several African mammals exhibit a phylogeographic pattern where closely related taxa are split between West/Central and East/Southern Africa, but their evolutionary relationships and histories remain controversial. Bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) and red river hogs (P. porcus) are recognised as separate species due to morphological distinctions, a perceived lack of interbreeding at contact, and putatively old divergence times, but historically, they were considered conspecific. Moreover, the presence of Malagasy bushpigs as the sole large terrestrial mammal shared with the African mainland raises intriguing questions about its origin and arrival in Madagascar. Analyses of 67 whole genomes revealed a genetic continuum between the two species, with putative signatures of historical gene flow, variable Fst values, and a recent divergence time (<500,000 years). Thus, our study challenges key arguments for splitting Potamochoerus into two species and suggests their speciation might be incomplete. Our findings also indicate that Malagasy bushpigs diverged from southern African populations and underwent a limited bottleneck 1000-5000 years ago, concurrent with human arrival in Madagascar. These results shed light on the evolutionary history of an iconic and widespread African mammal and provide insight into the longstanding biogeographic puzzle surrounding the bushpig's presence in Madagascar.
Journal Article
A Kalman Filter Approach for Estimating Daily Discharge Using Space‐Based Discharge Estimates
The SWOT satellite mission is the first to conduct a global survey of the Earth's surface waters, measuring water surface height, river width, and water surface slope, based on which river discharge is estimated. At mid‐latitudes, the repeat orbit design of SWOT only allows a sampling of twice per repeat cycle, which is considered too low for most hydrological applications. To address the spatiotemporal limitations of SWOT, we develop a method that assimilates SWOT observations across continuous reaches within a single‐branch river network to obtain daily discharge estimates. Our model‐free assimilation method provides a linear dynamic system that includes a process model based on a physically based spatiotemporal discharge correlation model and observation equations utilizing SWOT products. We solve this dynamic system using a simple Kalman filter in the time domain, assimilating SWOT observations and incorporating the physically based prior to estimate daily discharge. Since SWOT discharge products were not yet available during the period of this research, we used synthetic SWOT data sets, introducing random and systematic errors through Monte Carlo simulation. The validation of the estimated discharge against true discharge over all test cases leads to a median correlation as high as 0.95, a median NSE for residuals (mean‐removed discharge) as high as 0.81, and a median relative bias as low as 5%, respectively. These promising results suggest that daily discharge for continuous reaches in a river network can be obtained through our data assimilation framework.
Journal Article
The confidence-noise confidence-boost (CNCB) model of confidence rating data
Over the last decade, different approaches have been proposed to interpret confidence rating judgments obtained after perceptual decisions. One very popular approach is to compute meta-d’ which is a global measure of the sensibility to discriminate the confidence rating distributions for correct and incorrect perceptual decisions. Here, we propose a generative model of confidence based on two main parameters, confidence noise and confidence boost, that we call CNCB model . Confidence noise impairs confidence judgements above and beyond how sensory noise affects perceptual sensitivity. The confidence boost parameter reflects whether confidence uses the same information that was used for perceptual decisions, or some new information. This CNCB model offers a principled way to estimate a confidence efficiency measure that is a theory-driven alternative to the popular M-ratio. We then describe two scenarios to estimate the confidence boost parameter, one where the experiment uses more than two confidence levels, the other where the experiment uses more than two stimulus strengths. We also extend the model to experiments using continuous confidence ratings and describe how the model can be fitted without binning these ratings. The continuous confidence model includes a non-linear mapping between objective and subjective confidence probabilities that can be estimated. Altogether, the CNCB model should help interpret confidence rating data at a deeper level. This manuscript is accompanied by a toolbox that will allow researchers to estimate all the parameters of the CNCB model in confidence ratings datasets. Some examples of re-analyses of previous datasets are provided in S1 File.
Journal Article