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"Christianson, Alan"
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The adrenal reset diet : strategically cycle carbs and proteins to lose weight, balance hormones, and move from stressed to thriving
\"The Adrenal Reset Diet is the first scientifically sound, patient-tested weight-loss plan developed by a natural endocrinologist, Dr. Alan Christianson. He heals readers in any of the three stages of adrenal impairment--Stressed, Wired and Tired, or Crashed. Readers learn their stage and receive distinct strategies for diet, activity, and lifestyle change to bring them to Thriving. Recent study participants halved their cortisol levels in just 30 days--and lost an average of 9 pounds!\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Risk effects in elk (Cervus elaphus): Behavioral and nutritional responses to wolves and environmental conditions
Until recently, predators have been though to regulate prey primarily through direct predation, in ecosystems where top down effects have been shown to be important. However, experiments and recent empirical observations show that the costs of antipredator responses in individuals that successfully avoid predation can exert equal or larger driving forces on population dynamics than the numerical effect of direct predation. Such a mechanism has not been explored in a large terrestrial vertebrate. I explored the antipredator responses of elk (Cervus elaphus) to wolves (Canis lupus) in the Upper Gallatin Canyon of southwest Montana, USA, December through May in the winters of 2003-2006. First I reviewed elk winter diet studies to understand what drives elk foraging behavior. Next I modeled the consequences of diet shifts in grazing and browsing on mass dynamics in wintering female elk. I also developed a new nutritional index, fecal chlorophyll, that I used primarily between winter and spring periods of nutrition as foraging constraints (and costs of antipredator response) would be quite different between these two periods. Specifically, I measured foraging behavior, diet selection, and nutrient balance in wintering elk and monitored daily predation risk as wolves moved naturally, in and out of four creek drainages that formed the primary winter range. Elk showed great sensitivity to fine-scale descriptions of wolf predation risk in nearly every response variable. In particular, adult female elk increased browsing on woody stems, sagebrush, and confers while adult males showed the opposition response and increased grazing on days when wolves were present in the same drainage. This work implies that predator may in fact play a large role in ecosystems including ecosystems where predators were deemed non-influential and bottom up effects important.
Dissertation
Twentieth-century American concert solo piano toccatas published from 1900 to 1997: An annotated bibliography
The solo concert piano toccata is a genre that has received notable attention from American composers in the twentieth century, particularly flourishing after World War II. Despite its popularity among composers, information on the piano toccata is not well organized. This study provides a systematic annotated bibliography for the reader. The Introduction provides a short commentary on the sources used to locate toccatas. It also defines terms used to describe the music and rate the works by level of difficulty. Chapter One is an annotated bibliography for the seventy-four toccatas in this study. Each entry includes the following information as available: composer; place and date of birth and death; title; date of composition; first performer; date of first performance; place of first performance; publication information; dedication; number of measures; level of difficulty; and approximate length. The annotations address compositional aspects and pianistic challenges of each work. Chapter Two summarizes traits and characteristics of the toccatas. Also included are a bibliography, a list of the annotated works, a list of the annotated works categorized by difficulty, and a discography.
Dissertation
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF DEEP LEVEL DEFECTS IN AMORPHOUS-GROWN AND IRRADIATED ZINC-SELENIDE
The optical and electrical properties of the deep-level defects present in as-grown and irradiated ZnSe were investigated to determine the compensation mechanisms that control the conductivity type in this material. Conductive ZnSe heteroepitaxial layers from 1 to 10 (mu)m thick were grown on n-GaAs using chemical vapor transport with hydrogen carrier gas. These layers were irradiated with 1.5 MeV electrons or protons at room temperature in order to enhance the concentration of native-defect-related states. Characterization of these layers was made by a combination of low-temperature photoluminescence, steady-state photocapacitance, and optically and electrically excited capacitance transient spectroscopy. The photoluminescence response of the as-grown ZnSe layers at 8 K showed deep emission at 1.94 and 2.2 eV, as well as donor-acceptor pair (DAP) emission at 2.681 eV. From an analysis of the bound exciton emission the residual acceptor responsible for the donor-acceptor pair emission was attributed to Na. Sodium has also been associated with hole traps at 90 and 130 meV above the valence band edge as measured by optical transient capacitance spectroscopy. The concentration of these two levels has been measured to be as high as 2 x 10('15) cm('-3), although the typical background concentration is less than 10('13) cm('-3). The low concentration of these levels indicates that shallow acceptor impurities are not important in compensating the as-grown material. The deep PL emission at 1.94 eV has been correlated with the appearance of an electronic level at E(,c)-2.25 eV as observed by steady-state photocapacitance. Electron irradiaton at 1.5 MeV enhanced the emission, consistent with its identification as the self-activated (zinc vacancy-donor) complex. Concentration measurements of the self-activated level by photocapacitance indicate that it, along with deep levels at E(,c)-1.1 and E(,c)-1.4 eV, is the dominant compensation center in the as-grown and electron irradiated ZnSe. In contrast, compensation in proton-irradiated ZnSe was found to occur from a center located at E(,c)-0.2 eV. This compensating center was found to anneal out between 260(DEGREES) and 300(DEGREES)C with an activation energy of 1.6 eV. Proton irradiation was also seen to introduce new trapping states at E(,c)-0.1, E(,v) + 0.15, E(,v) + 0.19, and E(,v) + 0.37 eV.
Dissertation
Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid behavior and spinon confinement in YbAlO3
Low dimensional quantum magnets are interesting because of the emerging collective behavior arising from strong quantum fluctuations. The one-dimensional (1D)
S
= 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet is a paradigmatic example, whose low-energy excitations, known as spinons, carry fractional spin
S
= 1/2. These fractional modes can be reconfined by the application of a staggered magnetic field. Even though considerable progress has been made in the theoretical understanding of such magnets, experimental realizations of this low-dimensional physics are relatively rare. This is particularly true for rare-earth-based magnets because of the large effective spin anisotropy induced by the combination of strong spin–orbit coupling and crystal field splitting. Here, we demonstrate that the rare-earth perovskite YbAlO
3
provides a realization of a quantum spin
S
= 1/2 chain material exhibiting both quantum critical Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid behavior and spinon confinement–deconfinement transitions in different regions of magnetic field–temperature phase diagram.
Low dimensional quantum magnetic excitations are intriguing but the experimental realizations are challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate Tomonaga–Luttinger behavior and spinon confinement in rare-earth perovskite YbAlO
3
by inelastic neutron scattering measurements.
Journal Article
Bedmap3 updated ice bed, surface and thickness gridded datasets for Antarctica
We present Bedmap3, the latest suite of gridded products describing surface elevation, ice-thickness and the seafloor and subglacial bed elevation of the Antarctic south of 60 °S. Bedmap3 incorporates and adds to all post-1950s datasets previously used for Bedmap2, including 84 new aero-geophysical surveys by 15 data providers, an additional 52 million data points and 1.9 million line-kilometres of measurement. These efforts have filled notable gaps including in major mountain ranges and the deep interior of East Antarctica, along West Antarctic coastlines and on the Antarctic Peninsula. Our new Bedmap3/RINGS grounding line similarly consolidates multiple recent mappings into a single, spatially coherent feature. Combined with updated maps of surface topography, ice shelf thickness, rock outcrops and bathymetry, Bedmap3 reveals in much greater detail the subglacial landscape and distribution of Antarctica’s ice, providing new opportunities to interpret continental-scale landscape evolution and to model the past and future evolution of the Antarctic ice sheets.
Journal Article
Effect of Preoperative Marijuana on Patient Outcomes and Opioid Use after Lumbar Decompression
Study Design
Retrospective Cohort Study.
Objectives
Our study aims to analyze the effect of preoperative marijuana use on outcomes and postoperative opioid use in patients who have undergone lumbar decompression without fusion.
Methods
All patients >18 years of age who underwent lumbar decompression from 2017-2022 with documented preoperative marijuana use at our academic institution were retrospectively identified. A 3:1 propensity match incorporating demographics, procedure type, and levels decompressed was performed to compare preoperative marijuana users and non-users. 1-year preoperative and postoperative opioid consumption in milligrams of morphine equivalents and postoperative outcomes including readmissions, reoperations, and complications, were obtained. A multivariate regression model was performed to measure the effect of marijuana use on the likelihood of a spine reoperation.
Results
Of the 340 included patients, 85 were preoperative marijuana users. There were no significant differences in medical complications, 90-day readmissions, or opioid consumption preoperatively or postoperatively (P > .05). We identified a trend towards patients who used marijuana having more reoperations for any cause (20.0% vs 11.37%, P = .067). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that preoperative marijuana use was a significant predictor of all-spine reoperations (OR = 2.06, P = .036).
Conclusions
In lumbar decompression patients, preoperative marijuana use does not impact opioid consumption, readmissions, or medical complications, but is a significant predictor of future postoperative reoperations. Additional research is necessary to further explore the role of marijuana use in spine surgery.
Journal Article
Antarctic Bedmap data: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) sharing of 60 years of ice bed, surface, and thickness data
One of the key components of this research has been the mapping of Antarctic bed topography and ice thickness parameters that are crucial for modelling ice flow and hence for predicting future ice loss and the ensuing sea level rise. Supported by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the Bedmap3 Action Group aims not only to produce new gridded maps of ice thickness and bed topography for the international scientific community, but also to standardize and make available all the geophysical survey data points used in producing the Bedmap gridded products. Here, we document the survey data used in the latest iteration, Bedmap3, incorporating and adding to all of the datasets previously used for Bedmap1 and Bedmap2, including ice bed, surface and thickness point data from all Antarctic geophysical campaigns since the 1950s. More specifically, we describe the processes used to standardize and make these and future surveys and gridded datasets accessible under the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data principles. With the goals of making the gridding process reproducible and allowing scientists to re-use the data freely for their own analysis, we introduce the new SCAR Bedmap Data Portal (https://bedmap.scar.org, last access: 1 March 2023) created to provide unprecedented open access to these important datasets through a web-map interface. We believe that this data release will be a valuable asset to Antarctic research and will greatly extend the life cycle of the data held within it. Data are available from the UK Polar Data Centre: https://data.bas.ac.uk (last access: 5 May 2023). See the Data availability section for the complete list of datasets.
Journal Article
Environmental and genetic factors that contribute to Escherichia coli K-12 biofilm formation
Biofilms are communities of bacteria whose formation on surfaces requires a large portion of the bacteria's transcriptional network. To identify environmental conditions and transcriptional regulators that contribute to sensing these conditions, we used a high-throughput approach to monitor biofilm biomass produced by an isogenic set of Escherichia coli K-12 strains grown under combinations of environmental conditions. Of the environmental combinations, growth in tryptic soy broth at 37°C supported the most biofilm production. To analyze the complex relationships between the diverse cell-surface organelles, transcriptional regulators, and metabolic enzymes represented by the tested mutant set, we used a novel vector-item pattern-mining algorithm. The algorithm related biofilm amounts to the functional annotations of each mutated protein. The pattern with the best statistical significance was the gene ontology ‘pyruvate catabolic process,' which is associated with enzymes of acetate metabolism. Phenotype microarray experiments illustrated that carbon sources that are metabolized to acetyl-coenzyme A, acetyl phosphate, and acetate are particularly supportive of biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural differences between mutants that lack acetate metabolism enzymes and their parent and confirmed the quantitative differences. We conclude that acetate metabolism functions as a metabolic sensor, transmitting changes in environmental conditions to biofilm biomass and structure.
Journal Article