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Positive Psychology Interventions in Practice
\"This book presents recent advancements in positive psychology, specifically its application across broad areas of current interest. Chapters include submissions from various international authors in the field and cover discussion and presentation of relevant research, theories, and applications. The volume covers topics such as CBT, Psychotherapy, Coaching, Workplaces, Aging, Education, Leadership, Emotion, Interventions, Measurement, Technology, Design, Health, Relationships, Experiences, Communities. With the growing interest in the applications of positive psychology across diverse fields within psychology and beyond, this book will make a worthwhile contribution to the field. It will also fill the current need for a volume that highlights specifically the various recent advancements in positive psychology into diverse fields and as such will be of benefit to a wide range of professionals, including psychologists, educators, clinicians, therapists, and many others.\" -- Publisher's website.
Book
Urban climate adaptation and the reshaping of state–society relations
Current research on climate change adaptation in cities highlights the role of local governments in facilitating adaptation actions, but rarely assesses whether (and if so, how) local communities organise around emerging climate priorities to affect political change. This paper explores changing state–society relationships through the reconstitution of community collectives and advocacy organisations for advancing climate change adaptation in the Indian city of Indore. The paper shows that communities are indeed recognising the need for adaptation but are, at the same time, integrating adaptation actions with existing strategies for advocating development rights. Communities are also rebuilding alliances between municipal and local institutions for public service and infrastructure provision, which point to the centrality of community politics in urban climate adaptation processes. However, such mobilisations are often dependent on existing political networks and a legacy of advocacy around poverty alleviation needs, which sideline more transformative agendas around inclusiveness, equity, and resilient urban futures.
目前关于城市气候变化适应的研究注重当地政府在促进适应行动方面的作用，很少评估地方社区是否需要（如果需要，则应当如何）围绕气候变化优先议题组织起来，以影响政治变革。本文以印度城市印多尔通过重建社区集体和倡导组织推进气候变化适应为例，探讨不断变化的国家-社会关系。研究结果表明，社区已切实认识到气候变化适应的必要性，但同时，却把适应行动与倡导发展权利的现有计划混在一起。社区也正在重建市政和民间机构之间的联盟，以促进公共服务和基础设施的提供。这体现了在城市气候变化适应过程中社区政治的核心重要性。但是这种动员往往依赖现有的政治网络以及传统的扶贫倡导，并使得与包容性、公平性和未来城市复原力相关的、更具变革性的议程被边缘化。
Journal Article
Conic Optimization via Operator Splitting and Homogeneous Self-Dual Embedding
We introduce a first-order method for solving very large convex cone programs. The method uses an operator splitting method, the alternating directions method of multipliers, to solve the homogeneous self-dual embedding, an equivalent feasibility problem involving finding a nonzero point in the intersection of a subspace and a cone. This approach has several favorable properties. Compared to interior-point methods, first-order methods scale to very large problems, at the cost of requiring more time to reach very high accuracy. Compared to other first-order methods for cone programs, our approach finds both primal and dual solutions when available or a certificate of infeasibility or unboundedness otherwise, is parameter free, and the per-iteration cost of the method is the same as applying a splitting method to the primal or dual alone. We discuss efficient implementation of the method in detail, including direct and indirect methods for computing projection onto the subspace, scaling the original problem data, and stopping criteria. We describe an open-source implementation, which handles the usual (symmetric) nonnegative, second-order, and semidefinite cones as well as the (non-self-dual) exponential and power cones and their duals. We report numerical results that show speedups over interior-point cone solvers for large problems, and scaling to very large general cone programs.
Journal Article
Self-induced mechanical stress can trigger biofilm formation in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Bacterial biofilms represent an important medical problem; however, the mechanisms of the onset of biofilm formation are poorly understood. Here, using new controlled methods allowing high-throughput and reproducible biofilm growth, we show that biofilm formation is linked to self-imposed mechanical stress. In growing uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
colonies, we report that mechanical stress can initially emerge from the physical stress accompanying colony confinement within micro-cavities or hydrogel environments reminiscent of the cytosol of host cells. Biofilm formation can then be enhanced by a nutrient access-modulated feedback loop, in which biofilm matrix deposition can be particularly high in areas of increased mechanical and biological stress, with the deposited matrix further enhancing the stress levels. This feedback regulation can lead to adaptive and diverse biofilm formation guided by the environmental stresses. Our results suggest previously unappreciated mechanisms of the onset and progression of biofilm growth.
Bacterial biofilms are an increasingly important medical problem but the mechanisms by which they develop remain largely unknown. Here, using a high-throughput approach, the authors show that biofilm formation is linked to self-imposed mechanical stress.
Journal Article
A retrospective analysis of the incidence of severe adverse events among recipients of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy
This study examined the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) of patients receiving chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), with the hypothesis that < 1 per 100,000 SMT sessions results in a grade ≥ 3 (severe) AE. A secondary objective was to examine independent predictors of grade ≥ 3 AEs. We identified patients with SMT-related AEs from January 2017 through August 2022 across 30 chiropractic clinics in Hong Kong. AE data were extracted from a complaint log, including solicited patient surveys, complaints, and clinician reports, and corroborated by medical records. AEs were independently graded 1–5 based on severity (1-mild, 2-moderate, 3-severe, 4-life-threatening, 5-death). Among 960,140 SMT sessions for 54,846 patients, 39 AEs were identified, two were grade 3, both of which were rib fractures occurring in women age > 60 with osteoporosis, while none were grade ≥ 4, yielding an incidence of grade ≥ 3 AEs of 0.21 per 100,000 SMT sessions (95% CI 0.00, 0.56 per 100,000). There were no AEs related to stroke or cauda equina syndrome. The sample size was insufficient to identify predictors of grade ≥ 3 AEs using multiple logistic regression. In this study, severe SMT-related AEs were reassuringly very rare.
Journal Article
Tai Chi as a Body-Mind Exercise for Promotion of Healthy Aging in Nursing Home Residents: Appropriateness, Feasibility, and Effectiveness
The lack of activity, opportunity for providing input and participation in activities, and interaction with other people are the features of institutional living which reinforces dependency among nursing home residents. Residents are usually frustrated with paternalistic-type care. Arranging health-oriented meaningful activities for residents contributes to health promotion and enhancement of healthy aging. Moreover, it contributes to the cultivation of a positive meaning of life which is particularly important as residents reach the late geriatric stages of their lives. With exercise being seen as generally beneficial for health, Tai Chi as a Chinese-based exercise with a body-mind emphasis and unique characteristics becomes a particularly suitable exercise in aiding the residents in this major shift of lifestyle. This paper analyzes the appropriateness, feasibility, and effectiveness of Tai Chi in promoting healthy aging for residents. Theoretical considerations and scientific evaluations lend it appropriate, feasible, and effective in providing physiological and psychosocial health benefits to the residents. This paper recommends the use of Tai Chi to promote healthy aging in nursing home residents. With a rapidly aging population and mounting demand for residential geriatric care worldwide, this paper's timely findings should provide important implications for adopting Tai Chi to advance the quality of care delivered by nursing homes worldwide. Keywords: Tai Chi, exercise, healthy aging, nursing homes, long-term care
Journal Article
Broadening diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion in the process and development of climate assessments
Comprehensive assessments of scientific knowledge are essential to inform efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change impacts. The Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA5), released in late 2023, adopted clear diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion (DEAI) goals and trainings, which helped diversify expert participation, broaden the types of knowledge included, and widen public engagement. This Letter, written by NCA5 authors, reflects on the impacts and limitations of these efforts and suggests specific actions to further promote collaboration, honor and recognize the knowledge of frontline communities, and guide more just and holistic climate assessments.
Journal Article
Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with an increased risk of cervical artery dissection
Limited evidence suggests that autoimmune diseases are associated with an increased risk of cervical artery dissection (CeAD). We hypothesized individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) would have an increased risk of CeAD following SLE diagnosis compared to matched non-lupus controls. We queried a de-identified United States electronic medical records network (TriNetX, Inc.) for individuals aged 10 and older from 2012 to 2020, for two cohorts: (1) SLE and (2) non-lupus controls, excluding those with prior CeAD. We used propensity matching to control for confounding variables and calculated the risk ratio (RR) for CeAD occurring over four years’ follow-up, secondarily exploring cumulative incidence. After matching, both cohorts contained 77,008 patients, who were mostly female (89%). The incidence and risk of CeAD was significantly greater among those with SLE compared to matched non-lupus controls [95% CI] (0.08% vs. 0.04%; RR = 2.33 [1.49;3.66];
P
< 0.0001). These findings support the hypothesis that SLE is a risk factor for CeAD. Additional research is needed to identify the mechanisms that may underly the SLE-CeAD association and examine the potential association between other autoimmune diseases and CeAD.
Journal Article
Presurgical Optimization and Surgical Management of Extreme Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Case Report
We present the case of an 18-year-old Asian male patient with extreme adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) exceeding 180 degrees, who remained untreated for eight years following his initial diagnosis due to socioeconomic barriers and limited access to healthcare. At presentation, the patient measured 165 cm in height and weighed only 40 kg (BMI 14.7). He exhibited severe spinal deformity, compromised pulmonary function (forced vital capacity (FVC) at 65% of the predicted value), chronic pain (rated 5-7/10), and progressive functional decline that had led to withdrawal from traditional schooling. A multidisciplinary team implemented a presurgical optimization protocol incorporating halo-gravity traction, spinal manipulation, therapeutic exercises, respiratory rehabilitation, and nutritional intervention, all tailored through patient-specific 3D-printed spinal modeling. After eight weeks, the patient demonstrated remarkable improvements: a 2-cm height increase, 4-kg weight gain, improved pulmonary function (FVC 78% of the predicted value), and reduced pain reduction (2-3/10). These gains enabled successful posterior spinal fusion from T2 to L4. Postoperatively, pulmonary function normalized to 82% of the predicted value, and the patient continues with rehabilitation focused on functional restoration and pain management. This case uniquely contributes to the literature by documenting quantifiable improvements achieved through multidisciplinary presurgical optimization in extreme deformity. It demonstrates effective integration of multidisciplinary spine care, provides rare insight into the natural history of untreated severe AIS, and offers a comprehensive model for transitional care from conservative management to surgical intervention. The successful outcome, despite significant barriers, underscores the importance of adaptive, multidisciplinary strategies in managing complex spinal deformities, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Journal Article
Functional Restoring in Parsonage-Turner Syndrome With a Multimodal Rehabilitation Program: A Case Report
Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) is a rare disorder characterized by sudden unilateral shoulder pain followed by progressive neuralgic amyotrophy. This case report describes an effective multimodal therapy approach for a 63-year-old man who presented with severe right shoulder pain and right scapular winging, which are uncommon manifestations of PTS. The patient participated in a multidisciplinary treatment program that included spinal manipulation, physiotherapy, magnetic muscle stimulation, and scraping therapy, all customized specifically for his distinct symptoms and underlying neuromuscular issues. Shoulder stability, range of motion, and pain relief all improved significantly after an eight-week treatment. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a multimodal rehabilitation strategy in treating such complex conditions and adds to the limited literature on the management of PTS with neuralgic amyotrophy. It stresses the significance of a comprehensive therapy approach, utilizing multiple therapeutic modalities to restore patient neuromuscular function. Further investigation is needed to corroborate these results through controlled studies.
Journal Article