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The aim of this study was to understand the diagnostic, service and lived experiences of families affected by ASD in Southeast Europe. A total of 758 caregivers from Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia and Turkey were surveyed from 2013 to 2015 about characteristics of the child with ASD; service encounters; and caregiver perceptions. The average age at first concern was 24.4 months (SD 11.8) and at diagnosis, 40.0 months (SD 19.0). Psychiatrists were the most common diagnostician; most children received some ASD-related service, most frequently speech and language therapy. Caregivers endorsed challenges in access to care and perceived stigma. Despite country differences, findings relative to age at first concern, disparities in access and service utilization, and stigma speak to common regional needs.

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised-Albanian screener (M-CHAT-R-A) was used to screen 2594 toddlers, aged 16–30 months, at well-child visits. Two hundred fifty-three (9.75 %) screened positive; follow up on failed items were conducted by phone with 127 (50 %); the remainder were lost to follow-up. Twenty-six toddlers (21 %) continued to screen positive; 19 received full evaluations, which assessed for ASD with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and developmental delays with the Parents Assessment of Developmental Status—Developmental Milestones. All evaluated children had significant delays; 17 of the 19 met criteria for Autism/ASD. Removal of three items improved performance. Although Albania and the US are quite different in culture and language, key features of ASD appeared very similar.

ObjectiveTo determine if and which types of organisational interventions conducted in small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in healthcare are effective on mental health and wellbeing.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we searched six scientific databases, assessed the methodological quality of eligible studies using QATQS and grouped them into six organisational intervention types for narrative synthesis. Only controlled studies with at least one follow-up were eligible.ResultsWe identified 22 studies (23 articles) mainly conducted in hospitals with 16 studies rated of strong or moderate methodological quality. More than two thirds (68%) of the studies reported improvements in at least one primary outcome (mental wellbeing, burnout, stress, symptoms of depression or anxiety), most consistently in burnout with eleven out of thirteen studies. We found a strong level of evidence for the intervention type “Job and task modifications” and a moderate level of evidence for the types “Flexible work and scheduling” and “Changes in the physical work environment”. For all other types, the level of evidence was insufficient. We found no studies conducted with an independent SME, however five studies with SMEs attached to a larger organisational structure. The effectiveness of workplace mental health interventions in these SMEs was mixed.ConclusionOrganisational interventions in healthcare workers can be effective in improving mental health, especially in reducing burnout. Intervention types where the change in the work environment constitutes the intervention had the highest level of evidence. More research is needed for SMEs and for healthcare workers other than hospital-based physicians and nurses.

Background Despite growing interest in workplace mental health interventions, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed. Implementation science offers a valuable lens to investigate the factors influencing successful implementation. However, evidence synthesis is lacking, especially for small-to-medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and for specific work sectors. The objectives of this review are to establish the scope of research with explicit analysis of implementation aspects of workplace mental health interventions and to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation in general and within SMEs and selected sectors. Methods A systematic scoping review and meta-synthesis of mixed methods process evaluation research from 11 databases, with the evaluation of methodological quality (MMAT) and confidence in findings (CERQual), was conducted. We selected information-rich studies and synthesised them using domains within the Nielsen and Randall implementation framework: context, intervention activities, implementation; and mental models. Results We included 43 studies published between 2009 and 2022, of which 22 were rated as information-rich to be analysed for barriers and facilitators. Most studies were conducted in healthcare. Facilitators reflecting ‘high confidence’ included: relevant and tailored content, continuous and pro-active leadership buy-in and support, internal or external change agents/champions, assistance from managers and peers, resources, and senior-level experience and awareness of mental health issues. Healthcare sector-specific facilitators included: easy accessibility with time provided, fostering relationships, clear communication, and perceptions of the intervention. Stigma and confidentiality issues were reported as barriers overall. Due to the small number of studies within SMEs reported findings did not reach ‘high confidence’. A lack of studies in construction and Information and Communication Technology meant separate analyses were not possible. Conclusions There is dependable evidence of key factors for the implementation of workplace mental health interventions which should be used to improve implementation. However, there is a lack of studies in SMEs and in a larger variety of sectors. Systematic review registration Research Registry ( reviewregistry897 ).

A gas sensor was fabricated using a sensitive MoO 3 film with the Si–SiO 2 /Cr–Au/MoO 3 structure and CO (carbon monoxide) as the analyte gas. An interdigitated design for the electrodes was defined through photolithography, and the lift-off photolithography technique was employed to define the active area. Subsequently, a MoO 3 film (120 nm) was deposited by sputtering in a reactive O 2 atmosphere. Characterizations of the MoO 3 films were conducted using XPS to confirm the formation of MoO 3 . UV–Vis spectroscopy and the Tauc method were utilized to calculate the band gap of 3.72 eV and 3.77 eV. SEM images of the MoO 3 film surface revealed a uniform surface, and the four-point probe test showed a resistivity of 8.93 × 10 3 Ωcm. Finally, a static CO sensing test resulted in a sensitivity of 25% and 59% for 500 ppm of CO for unannealed and annealed devices, respectively. Graphical abstract

The issue of permanence and change of word-order patterns has long been debated in both historical linguistics and structural theories. The interest in this theme has been revamped by contemporary research in typology with its emphasis on correlation or 'harmonies' of structures of word-order as explicative principles of both synchronic and diachronic processes. The aim of this book is to stimulate a critical reconsideration of perspectives and methods in the study of continuities and discontinuities of word-order patterns. Bringing together contributions by specialists of various theoretical backgrounds and with expertise in different language families or groups (Caucasian, Hamito-Semitic, and - among Indo-European - Hittite, Greek, Celtic, Germanic, Slavonic, Romance), the book addresses issues like the notions of stability, variation and change of word-order and their interrelations, the interplay of syntactic and pragmatic factors, and the role of internal and external factors in synchronic and diachronic dynamics of word-order. The book contains a selection of papers presented at a workshop held at the XIII International Conference on Historical Linguistics (Düsseldorf, August 1997) and additonal invited contributions.

It is argued that the clausal & phrasal patterning of Egyptian is largely maintained without change over the four millennia of the language's history & that one of the stable constituents of Egyptian patterning is sequencing, which is treated as a signifiant in a framework that rejects Eurocentric grammatical notions of (1) word order as an independent feature of syntax or a universally applicable typological trait, (2) a distinction between syntactic & pragmatic word order, (3) the category of grammatical subject, & (4) the universal predominance of verbal predications. The fundamental typological feature of Egyptian is held to be predicative theme + rheme patterning, manifested at every stage by three nexus patterns: an adverb-rheme nexus, a noun /pronoun-rheme nexus, & verbal nexus; the evolution of nuclear determiners & loss of the adjective category are situated in this structural diachronic frame. 1 Table, 52 References. J. Hitchcock

This volume in the Current Issues in Linguistic Theory series consists of contributions to a workshop held 14 Aug 1997 at the XIIIth Conference of the International Society for Historical Linguistics in Dusseldorf, Germany, along with additional invited articles. Contributors present criteria for assessing stability & change in word-order patterns over time & explore the nature & causes of such patterns. Particular focus is on the impact of internal & external forces & the role of grammaticalization of word-order patterns in maintaining stability, & the relationship between internal flexibility in work-order patterns & change & the influence of pragmatic factors on change. 26 Tables, 6 Figures, 1 Appendix, 641 References. K. Hyatt Stewart