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Few studies on the consequences following newborn hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) assess the risk of mood disorders (MD), although these are prevalent after ischemic brain injury in adults. To study the presence of MD in children survivors of NHIE. 14 children survivors of NHIE treated with hypothermia and without cerebral palsy and 15 healthy children without perinatal complications were studied aged three to six years for developmental status (Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3 [ASQ-3]) and for socio-emotional status (Preschool Symptom Self-Report [PRESS] and Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL] 1.5-5 tests). Maternal depression was assessed using Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Socio-economic factors such as parental educational level or monthly income were also studied. NHIE children did not present delay but scored worse than healthy children for all ASQ3 items. NHIE children showed higher scores than healthy children for PRESS as well as for anxious/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior items of CBCL. In addition, in three NHIE children the CBCL anxious/depressive symptoms item score exceeded the cutoff value for frank pathology (P = 0.04 vs healthy children). There were no differences in the other CBCL items as well as in maternal MADRS or parental educational level or monthly income. Neither ASQ3 scores nor MADRS score or socio-economic factors correlated with PRESS or CBCL scores. In this exploratory study children survivors of NHIE showed increased risk of developing mood disturbances, in accordance with that reported for adults after brain ischemic insults. Considering the potential consequences, such a possibility warrants further research.

Background Studies investigating health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in youth with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV+) are scarce. This study aimed to compare HRQoL of PHIV+ to sociodemographic-matched youth not living with HIV (HIV−), Spanish general youth population, and to explore associations between sociodemographic variables, drug consumption, and HRQoL. Methods PHIV+ youth were randomly selected from CoRISpe database (Cohort of the Spanish Pediatric HIV Network). HRQoL was evaluated by SF-12v2. Results Thirty-nine PHIV+ youth (mean age: 23.36 years, SD = 3.83) and thirty-nine HIV− youth (mean age: 22.97 years, SD = 3.80) participated in this study. PHIV+ obtained lower scores in SF-12 physical health subscale (PCS) than HIV− ( P  = 0.001) and Spanish general youth population ( P  = 0.006). PHIV+  had lower scores on the mental health subscale (MCS) than the Spanish general youth population ( P  < 0.001). PHIV+  who were at school obtained better scores than those were not at school. PHIV+  youth who had used cocaine and cannabis had lower scores in MCS ( P  = 0.002). Conclusions There is a need for HRQoL management in the associated medical follow-up.

In this study, the aim was to describe the adaptation of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI; Mahalik et al., 2005) for the Spanish population. The CFNI is used to assess women's conformity to feminine norms in the United States of America, from a multidimensional perspective. The protocol of the International Test Commission was followed when adapting the inventory. The questionnaire was administered to 780 Spanish women between 18 and 59 years of age. Factor analysis revealed a similar profile to that obtained in the USA and, although it is different in some aspects, it supports the structure proposed by the authors. The reliability data (alpha coefficient of the total scale of .87) also confirm the validity of the CFNI for use in the Spanish population.

Caring for a dependent person can involve a risk for the caregiver’s psychological health. This risk is clarified by the individual differences in per-sonality. These are stable but non-definitive personal characteristics, and their variability in efficiency depends on the context. The processes involved in caregivers’ adaptation can facilitate or hinder general psychological adjustment and well-being. Objectives: To explore which caregiver characteristics are consi-dered suitable to care for others and to contribute to caregivers’ better functioning and well-being. Methods: 171 formal caregivers (mean age = 36.34, SD = 9.99) completed the Millon Index of Personality Styles, which assesses normal persona-lity and offers a Clinical Index, to evaluate psychological adjustment; the Global Satisfaction scale; and the CUIDA, a questionnaire of the appropriate affective and cognitive variables to offer good care to others. Multiple stepwise linear regressions were carried out. Results: Caregiver characteristics related to In-dependence and Altruism explained poorer psychological adjustment, whereas Self-Esteem, Sociability, and Emotional Balance explained better personal ad-justment. Self-Esteem and Sociability explained higher Global Satisfaction, whereas Openness explained lower Satisfaction. Conclusions: Some personal characteristics that may be important for caregiving may not facilitate good psychological adjustment and well-being in some caregiving contexts. Per-sonal adaptation, as defined herein, depends on the context. Cuidar de una persona en situación de dependencia puede suponer un riesgo para la salud psicológica de la persona que cuida. Este riesgo es matizado por las diferencias individuales en personalidad. Se trata de características personales estables pero no definitivas, y su eficiencia depende del contexto. Los procesos involucrados en la adaptación de las personas cuidadoras pueden facilitar o dificultar su ajuste y bienestar psicológicos. Objetivo: explorar qué características son apropiadas para cuidar de otras personas y para contribuir a un buen funcionamiento y bienestar psicológicos en los cuidadores. Método: 171 cuidadores remunerados (media de edad = 36.34, DT = 9.99) completaron el Inventario de Estilos de Personalidad de Millon, que evalúa personalidad normal y ofrece un Índice de Ajuste, que valora el ajuste psicológico; la Escala de Satisfacción Global; y el CUIDA, un cuestionario sobre las variables afectivas y cognitivas necesarias para cuidar bien de otras personas. Se utilizaron Regre-siones Múltiples por pasos. Resultados: las características de los cuidadores relacionadas con Independecia y Altruismo explicaron un peor ajuste psicológico, mientras que Autoestima, Sociabilidad y Equilibrio emocional explicaron un mayor ajuste. Autoestima y Sociabilidad explicaron una mayor satisfacción global, mientras que Apertura explicó una peor satisfacción. Conclusiones: algunas características personales que pueden ser importantes para el cuidado pueden no facilitar un buen ajuste y bienestar psicológicos en algunos contextos de cuidado. La adaptación personal, tal y como es definida en este trabajo, depende del contexto.

Introducción: Diversos estudios han señalado que la calidad del apoyo profesional recibido durante y después del fallecimiento neonatal influye significativamente en el proceso de duelo y en la salud mental de los progenitores. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir las características de la mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital Clínico San Carlos, las prácticas de cuidado hacia las familias, y las variables con las que se asocian, así como la sintomatología depresiva materna. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo desde octubre de 2018 hasta diciembre de 2024, analizándose variables clínicas y sociodemográficas, registros internos de cuidados y puntuación en Escala de Depresión Montgomery- Asberg (MADRS) de las madres la primera semana tras el fallecimiento. Resultados: Desde 2018 se han producido 60 muertes neonatales, la mayoría prematuros extremos. Más de la mitad de las madres tenían origen extranjero. El 98% de las familias recibió al menos una intervención de cuidado, las más frecuentes ver el bebé (96%) y obtener una caja de recuerdos (96%), la menos frecuente vestir al bebe con su ropa (30%). Más del 60% fue contactada telefónicamente por psicología clínica la primera semana tras el fallecimiento. Conclusiones: La prematuridad y el origen extranjero materno son las características más frecuentes. Las prácticas de cuidados recomendadas en la muerte neonatal se han integrado con éxito en el servicio. Introduction: Several studies have indicated that the quality of professional support received during and after a neonatal death significantly influences the grieving process and mental health of parents. This article aims to describe the characteristics of neonatal mortality at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, care practices for families, and the variables with which they are associated, as well as maternal depressive symptoms. Method: A retrospective descriptive observational study was conducted from October 2018 to December 2024, analyzing clinical and sociodemographic variables, internal care records, and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores of mothers the first week after death. Results: Since 2018, there have been 60 neonatal deaths, most of them extremely premature. More than half of the mothers were of foreign origin. 98% of families received at least one care intervention; the most frequent was seeing the baby (96%) and receiving a memory box (96%), and the least frequent was dressing the baby in their clothes (30%). More than 60% were contacted by telephone by clinical psychologists in the first week after death. Conclusions: Prematurity and maternal foreign origin are the most common characteristics. Recommended care practices for neonatal deaths have been successfully integrated into the service.

Los objetivos de este trabajo son determinar las características de cuidadores y cuidadoras de dos zonas rurales, comprobar si su salud es peor que las personas no cuidadoras y qué variables predicen la carga. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con casos y control. 88 personas cuidadoras y 81 no cuidadoras. Las variables analizadas son las sociodemográficas, la salud física y mental (GHQ 12, HAD-T, HAD-D, HADA), el apoyo social (DUKE-UNC), la escala de carga (Zarit) y el Índice de Barthel. Al comparar a las mujeres cuidadoras con el grupo control aparecen diferencias en el numero de enfermedades, consultas a sanitarios, malestar psicológico, ansiedad, depresión y apoyo social. La carga percibida por las mujeres se relaciona con la incapacidad funcional de la persona cuidada, horas de cuidado, apoyo social y variables de salud mental y en los hombres con variables de salud mental. La ansiedad y el apoyo social predicen el 31,8% de la variabilidad de la carga percibida. Los resultados confirman las repercusiones de la actividad de cuidar sobre la salud de los cuidadores y cuidadoras.

The administration of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory - CMNI (Mahalik et al., 2003) in a group of Spanish men is described. The CMNI was designed to assess, from a multidimensional perspective, men's degree of conformity to a series of gender norms identified in the dominant culture of the United States of America. The questionnaire was administered to 727 men between 18 and 83 years of age with a mean age of 30.17 (S. D. 12.14), with diverse educational levels and heterogeneous work situations and who came from various regions of Spain. The reliability data are mostly satisfactory, and the correlation matrix between the subscales confirms Mahalik's (2000) theoretical model. The differences between the results obtained in the Spanish group and the American group suggest the effect of cultural factors. Factor analysis revealed a structure characterised by the grouping of items similar to the one obtained in the USA and, although it is different in some aspects, in general, it supports the structure proposed by the authors. We suggest regrouping some of the subscales that have been shown to be related in other supraordered subscales with the aim of improving the suitability of the CMNI for use in Spanish population.

El ejercicio de una profesión se realiza en el contexto de la atribución de un conjunto de competencias legales. Desde su reconocimiento como profesión regulada, la psicología clínica ha experimentado un recorrido y consolidación. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido revisar las competencias legales de la psicología clínica en España. Se ha realizado una revisión narrativa no sistemática de la legislación, jurisprudencia y bibliografía. Los resultados se han agrupado en: 1) Evaluación, diagnóstico y tratamientos psicológicos; 2) Emisión de informes; 3) Derivación a dispositivos/programas, indicación de ingresos y altas y petición de pruebas; 4) Docencia universitaria y 5) Responsabilidades legales. Los psicólogos clínicos tienen reconocida su capacidad legal para un conjunto amplio de actividades clínicas, de gestión, docentes e investigadoras. Algunas actividades se ven limitadas en la práctica, y para otras no existe un marco legal establecido que permita su desempeño.

Parental experience in neonatal intensive care units strongly impacts family satisfaction and emotional well-being. This study explored associations between parental neonatal intensive care unit experience, sociodemographic and hospitalization factors, and anxiety-depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 84 parents of neonatal intensive care unit-admitted infants. Measures included parental experience (EMPATHIC-N), satisfaction with professionals, and anxiety-depressive symptoms (PHQ-4), along with sociodemographic and hospitalization data. Analyses comprised descriptive statistics, group comparisons, correlations, and mediation modeling. Participants were mainly highly educated European mothers. Most infants stayed <1 week; parental participation occurred 1day-6 months post-discharge. Families reported high willingness to return (77.1%) and recommend the neonatal intensive care unit (79.5%). Satisfaction with nurses and physicians was high (8.3/10), though four EMPATHIC-N items scored below 75%. Anxiety-depressive symptoms were present in 24.4%, inversely correlating with satisfaction and some specific EMPATHIC-N items. Mediation analysis showed healthcare team satisfaction explained 70% of the effect of parental experience on anxiety-depressive symptoms. Satisfaction with the healthcare team plays a central role in the emotional distress of parents after their experience in the neonatal intensive care unit, so improving care initiatives that enhance it could reduce anxiety and depression in parents.

La variabilidad en la práctica clínica en psicología clínica en España es ha sido escasamente estudiado. Este estudio describe la variabilidad en las respuestas asistenciales de Psicología Clínica en los Centros y consultas externas de Salud Mental de la Comunidad de Madrid, a través de una encuesta informada por 120 psicólogos/as clínicos/as del Servicio Madrileño de Salud, y analizar factores que puedan relacionarse con ella. El riesgo de mala salud mental del área de salud se relaciona con una lista de espera más larga y realización de grupos de psicoterapia. La renta media del área de salud y los años de experiencia se asociaron a una mayor probabilidad de realizar grupos. La gestión privada de los dispositivos se asoció con una menor duración de las primeras consultas y sucesivas y con una demora temporal entre consultas mayor. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados.