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Against the backdrop of global energy crises and climate change, the iron and steel industry, as a typical high energy consumption and high-emission sector, faces rigid constraints for energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and application effects of energy-saving technologies across the entire steel production chain, including coking, sintering, ironmaking, steelmaking, continuous casting, and rolling processes. Studies reveal that technologies such as coal moisture control (CMC) and coke dry quenching (CDQ) significantly improve energy utilization efficiency in the coking process. In sintering, thick-layer sintering and flue gas recirculation (FGR) technologies reduce fuel consumption while enhancing sintered ore performance. In ironmaking, high-efficiency pulverized coal injection (PCI) and hydrogen-based fuel injection effectively lower coke ratios and carbon emissions. Integrated and intelligent innovations in continuous casting and rolling processes (e.g., endless strip production, ESP) substantially reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, the system energy conservation theory, through energy cascade utilization and full-process optimization, drives dual reductions in comprehensive energy consumption and carbon emission intensity. The study emphasizes that future advancements must integrate hydrogen metallurgy, digitalization, and multi-energy synergy to steer the industry toward green, high-efficiency, and low-carbon transformation, providing technical support for China’s “Dual Carbon” goals.

Tidal energy, as a stable and predictable renewable energy source, is garnering increasing attention. However, tidal energy generation faces challenges such as low energy conversion efficiency and high mechanical losses in low-velocity environments. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel design for a tidal energy generator based on an axial field coreless structure. This design significantly reduces mechanical losses and enhances energy conversion efficiency by employing a direct-drive structure and a coreless stator. Additionally, the introduction of a Halbach array permanent magnet and soft magnetic composite further optimizes the generator’s electromagnetic performance, thereby increasing power output. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed generator can achieve a power output of 300 W at a tidal velocity of 1.8 m/s, with an average generation efficiency of 90.6%. This design exhibits excellent performance in low-velocity tidal environments and provides valuable technical support for the design of tidal energy generators.

Investigating the coupled hydrodynamic and thermal wakes induced by underwater vehicles is vital for non-acoustic detection and environmental monitoring. Here, the standard SUBOFF model is simulated under eight operating conditions—speeds of 10, 15, and 20 kn; depths of 10, 20, and 30 m; and both with and without thermal discharge—using Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) coupled with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. Results indicate that, under heat emission conditions, higher speeds accelerate wake temperature decay, making the thermal wake difficult to detect downstream; without heat emission, turbulent mixing dominates the temperature field, and speed effects are minor. With increased speed, wake vorticity at a fixed location grows by about 30%, free-surface wave height rises from 0.05 to 0.15 m, and wavelength remains around 1.8 m, all positively correlated with speed. Dive depth is negatively correlated with wave height, decreasing from 0.15 to 0.04 m as depth increases from 5 to 20 m, while wavelength remains largely unchanged. At a 10 m submergence depth, the thermal wake is clearly detectable on the surface but becomes hard to detect beyond 20 m, indicating a pronounced depth effect on its visibility. These results not only confirm the positive correlation between vessel speed and wake vorticity reported in earlier studies but also extend those findings by providing the first quantitative evaluation of how submergence depth critically limits thermal wake visibility beyond 20 m. This research provides quantitative evaluations of wake characteristics under varying speeds, depths, and heat emissions, offering valuable insights for stealth navigation and detection technologies.

The aim was to discuss the impact of mental abacus calculation on the early processing of children’s perception on numbers and objects. Fourteen children received metal abacus calculation training (training group) and another 14 children did not receive training (non-training group) were randomly selected. The 28 subjects were asked to determine the figures and objects shown on the computer screen and recorded on the computer. A comparison was made about event-related potential component (N1, N170, P1, P2) of different brain areas between the two subject groups. The results showed occipital region P1 amplitudes of children who received mental abacus calculation training was larger than that of children who did not receive the training under the condition of figure stimulus （F=4.85,p<0.05）. The N1 potential period of children who received mental abacus calculation training was longer than that of children who did not receive the training（F=15.488，p< 0.01）. The N1 potential period of children who received mental abacus calculation training was longer than that of children who did not receive the training（F=13.37, p<0.01）. N170 amplitudes of children who received mental abacus calculation training was smaller than that of children who did not receive the training （F=12.98, p<0.0l）. P2 amplitudes of children who received mental abacus calculation training was smaller than that of children who did not receive the training （F=12.22，p<0．01）. Under the condition of object stimulus, the P2 potential periods of children who received mental abacus calculation training was longer than that of children who did not receive the training （F=8.41，p<0.01）. The activated degree of the occipital region of children who received mental abacus calculation training was enhanced, but the activated degree of the central region of the forehead and temporal occipital region was slightly down. Meanwhile, the potential periods of all components were extended. Therefore, long-term mental abacus calculation training can change children’s cortical function activities.

The excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants into surface water bodies poses a serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem. As an efficient porous adsorbent material, ceramsite shows remarkable potential in the field of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In this study, Fe2O3 catalyzed the decomposition of K2CO3 to generate CO and CO2 gases, leading to the formation of a large number of pore structures in the composite ceramsite. Subsequently, adsorption experiments were conducted on the obtained ceramsite. The regulatory mechanisms of the ceramsite dosage and solution pH on its adsorption performance were revealed. The experiments show that as the ceramsite dosage increased from 2.1 g/L to 9.6 g/L, the adsorption capacities of ammonia–nitrogen and phosphorus decreased from 0.4521 mg/g and 0.4280 mg/g to 0.1430 mg/g and 0.1819 mg/g, respectively, while the removal rates increased to 68.66% and 58.22%, respectively. This indicates that the competition between the utilization efficiency of adsorption sites and the mass-transfer limitation between particles dominates this process. An analysis of the pH effect reveals that the adsorption of ammonia–nitrogen reached a peak at pH = 10 (adsorption capacity of 0.4429 mg/g and removal rate of 81.58%), while the optimal adsorption of phosphorus occurred at pH = 7 (adsorption capacity of 0.3446 mg/g and removal rate of 86.40%). This phenomenon is closely related to the interaction between the existing forms of pollutants and the surface charge. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99) and the Langmuir isothermal model can accurately describe the adsorption behavior of the ceramsite for ammonia–nitrogen and phosphorus, confirming that the adsorption is dominated by a monolayer chemical adsorption mechanism. This study explores the dosage–efficiency relationship and pH response mechanism of Fe2O3-catalyzed porous ceramsite for nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption, revealing the interface reaction pathway dominated by Fe2O3 catalysis and chemical adsorption. It provides theoretical support for the construction of porous ceramsite and the development of an efficient technology system for the synergistic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus.

In recent years, a deep convolutional neural network has been widely used in the field of image classification. However, training a satisfactory network is very arduous, not only to tune the hyper-parameters in the network but also to avoid the overfitting problem caused by a deep neural network. Another point is that it is difficult for a neural network to learn subtle details without human annotation. Therefore this paper proposed a preferable classification algorithm for sports classification tasks that combines the deep neural network with the object detection algorithm to obtain the prediction result. In this paper, the author compared the differences between classification directly using neural networks and a modified model ensemble approach to classification from a holistic perspective, as well as elaborating the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches. The conclusion shows that the use of the improved model ensemble classification algorithm performs better than the direct use of neural networks and also achieves a high degree of accuracy in the test set.

The relay protection of the emergency diesel generator system is significantly affected by the inrush current from the auxiliary motor loading. Therefore, the rationality of its setting and coordination is crucial. Based on actual data from a certain plant, this paper constructs a protection configuration model for the nuclear power plant’s emergency diesel generator. It conducts relevant simulation calculations to demonstrate the rationality and feasibility of the emergency diesel generator protection setting scheme. By integrating the relationship between the tripping zone and braking zone based on the physical characteristics and action periods of the emergency diesel generator, setting values are determined. Transient simulation tests are conducted in conjunction with the TCC curve and action sequence, and the results verify the rationality of the design work presented in this paper.

The excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants into surface water bodies poses a serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem. As an efficient porous adsorbent material, ceramsite shows remarkable potential in the field of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In this study, Fe[sub.2]O[sub.3] catalyzed the decomposition of K[sub.2]CO[sub.3] to generate CO and CO[sub.2] gases, leading to the formation of a large number of pore structures in the composite ceramsite. Subsequently, adsorption experiments were conducted on the obtained ceramsite. The regulatory mechanisms of the ceramsite dosage and solution pH on its adsorption performance were revealed. The experiments show that as the ceramsite dosage increased from 2.1 g/L to 9.6 g/L, the adsorption capacities of ammonia–nitrogen and phosphorus decreased from 0.4521 mg/g and 0.4280 mg/g to 0.1430 mg/g and 0.1819 mg/g, respectively, while the removal rates increased to 68.66% and 58.22%, respectively. This indicates that the competition between the utilization efficiency of adsorption sites and the mass-transfer limitation between particles dominates this process. An analysis of the pH effect reveals that the adsorption of ammonia–nitrogen reached a peak at pH = 10 (adsorption capacity of 0.4429 mg/g and removal rate of 81.58%), while the optimal adsorption of phosphorus occurred at pH = 7 (adsorption capacity of 0.3446 mg/g and removal rate of 86.40%). This phenomenon is closely related to the interaction between the existing forms of pollutants and the surface charge. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R[sup.2] > 0.99) and the Langmuir isothermal model can accurately describe the adsorption behavior of the ceramsite for ammonia–nitrogen and phosphorus, confirming that the adsorption is dominated by a monolayer chemical adsorption mechanism. This study explores the dosage–efficiency relationship and pH response mechanism of Fe[sub.2]O[sub.3]-catalyzed porous ceramsite for nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption, revealing the interface reaction pathway dominated by Fe[sub.2]O[sub.3] catalysis and chemical adsorption. It provides theoretical support for the construction of porous ceramsite and the development of an efficient technology system for the synergistic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus.

The ability of robotic devices to adapt like living organisms to their environment is fundamental to achieving physical intelligence. Robotic skin that modulates its morphology, function, and lifetime in situ can approach the intelligent tactile senses in organisms. Despite the recent advances in each of these adaptive functions, robotic skin that is adaptive in all these aspects remains elusive. In this work, an omni‐adaptive capacitive pressure sensor based on dynamic silicone materials is presented, which can undergo distinct inter‐ and intra‐chain bond exchange pathways. Utilizing a superbase phosphazene catalyst, silanolate species are generated that can attack siloxane bonds within the same chain (intra‐chain) and between different chains (inter‐chain), which enables self‐healable and shape reconfigurable performance. Notably, intra‐chain exchanges lead to the formation of volatile cyclic siloxanes that can escape from the network, allowing for controlled programmability of the polymer network and corresponding mechanical properties. Furthermore, by shifting the reaction equilibrium toward more cyclic siloxanes generation, this demonstrates on‐demand material degradation. Leveraging this dynamic framework, the omni‐adaptive robotic skin exhibits shape‐adaptation, performance‐programmability, self‐healing, and on‐demand destruction, which promises a wide range of applications from wearable devices, haptic feedback for MIS practice to self‐healing and on‐demand destructible robotic skin.

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC), one of the most prevalent and lethal malignant disease, has a complex but unknown tumor ecosystem. Here, we investigate the composition of ESCC tumors based on 208,659 single-cell transcriptomes derived from 60 individuals. We identify 8 common expression programs from malignant epithelial cells and discover 42 cell types, including 26 immune cell and 16 nonimmune stromal cell subtypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and analyse the interactions between cancer cells and other cells and the interactions among different cell types in the TME. Moreover, we link the cancer cell transcriptomes to the somatic mutations and identify several markers significantly associated with patients’ survival, which may be relevant to precision care of ESCC patients. These results reveal the immunosuppressive status in the ESCC TME and further our understanding of ESCC. Esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas (ESCC) have poor prognosis, and detailed molecular profiles are necessary to identify prognostic markers. Here the authors analyse 60 ESCC patient samples using scRNA-seq, TCR-seq and genomics; they find mucosal immunity markers associated with survival and immunosuppressive microenvironments.