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The detection and tracking of human moving objects is an important part of visual analysis of human movement and one of the important fields of computer vision. When using the existing methods to detect and track human track and field targets, there are some problems such as low detection accuracy, large target positioning error and low detection and tracking efficiency. A method of target detection and tracking in human track and field based on deep learning is proposed. The background subtraction method based on adaptive hybrid gaussian background model is used to detect the target. The read video image is denoised and smoothed. The holes in the foreground region are removed by morphological filtering, and the connected region of binary image is analyzed. Get the number and area of the connected areas. Human body area ratio and length-width ratio are used to classify and identify human body so as to complete the detection of human track and field sports target. Based on the structure of deep learning, combining the detection results of deep learning and LK tracking, PN learning was used to modify the parameters of the superposition automatic coding machine, avoiding the detection errors in deep learning and realizing the tracking of human track and field targets. Experimental results show that this method has higher detection accuracy, higher target positioning accuracy and higher detection and tracking efficiency.

Modern research indicates that plant secondary metabolites possess pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor effects. Most plant secondary metabolites hold significant research value for the treatment of human diseases. Current research extensively explores the potential mechanisms through which plant secondary metabolites exert therapeutic effects against various diseases, with one of the primary pathways involving their modulation of autophagy in relevant human cells and organelles, thereby inhibiting disease progression This review summarizes several categories of different plant secondary metabolites-including flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins and saponins-and elucidates their mechanisms in treating various diseases through autophagy regulation. This information contributes to the development and application of herbal medicines.

Despite the increasing evidence supporting the association between KIF13A and cancer, pan-cancer analysis is currently limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential for KIF13A to contribute to oncogenesis in thirty-three different tumors using publicly accessible databases. Our research findings indicate that KIF13A has lower RNA tissue specificity and exhibits lower levels of expression compared to healthy tissue in most of tumor. However, we discovered distinct associations between KIF13A expression and the outcome of diverse tumor types. Genetic variation analysis revealed that cases of UCEC with genetic alterations in KIF13A exhibited a better prognosis compared to cases without genetic alterations in KIF13A. Analysis of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in pan-cancer studies revealed that the promoter region of KIF13A exhibited significantly different methylation levels between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues across various cancer types. Furthermore, we observed differences in KIF13A (NP_017396.4) phosphorylation levels between normal tissues and primary tumor tissues at different phosphorylation sites across various tumor cases. Specifically, we noted an increased phosphorylation level of KIF13A at the S1698 site in HNSC and HCC, correlating with the early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Analysis of immune infiltration revealed a bidirectional regulatory pattern, suggesting that KIF13A may differentially shape the tumor microenvironment across cancer types, potentially influencing immunotherapy responses and stromal interactions. Gene enrichment analysis related to KIF13A indicates that it is involved pathways related to vesicle transport, pigment synthesis, and ubiquitination modification. The synergistic effects of these pathways may collectively contribute to the role of KIF13A in tumor pathogenesis. In conclusion, this pioneering pan-cancer study offers thorough comprehension of the role of KIF13A in various cancers.

‘Quality evaluation based on color grading’ is one of the features used in Chinese medicine discrimination. In order to assess the feasibility of electronic eye (E-eye) in implementing ‘quality evaluation based on color grading’, the present study applied an IRIS VA400 E-eye to test 58 batches of Corni Fructus samples. Their optical data were acquired and combined with their corresponding classes. A total of four quality discrimination models were produced according to discrimination analysis (DA), least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and principal component analysis-discrimination analysis (PCA-DA). The accuracy rate of the aforementioned 4 cross evaluation models were 86.21%, 89.66%, 81.03% and 91.38%, respectively. Therefore, the PCA-DA method was used to build the final discrimination model for classifying Corni Fructus or discriminating its quality.

Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) might be involved in the activation of important pathways related to tumor immune escape, along with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Here, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression of Siglec-15 and PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. We determined the expression of PD-L1 via immunohistochemical staining and that of Siglec-15 via immunofluorescence staining in 182 NPC tissue samples. A significant correlation was identified between the PD-L1 and Siglec-15 expression (P = 0.000). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that PD-L1 expression was associated with improved overall survival (OS) (P = 0.025) and Siglec-15 expression was associated with improved distant failure-free survival (D-FFS) (P = 0.048). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis showed that PD-L1 and Siglec-15 were independent predictors of OS (P = 0.020) and D-FFS (P = 0.047), respectively. The results of the log-rank test and Cox regression analyses showed that patients exhibiting no PD-L1/Siglec-15 expression had significant advantages regarding OS, compared to other groups (P = 0.037). PD-L1 and Siglec-15 may represent novel biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of NPC patients. Siglec-15 may be considered as a potential target for the development of therapeutics for NPC treatment in the future.

A systemic immune related response (SIME) of radiotherapy has been occasionally observed on metastatic tumors, but the clinical outcomes remain poor. Novel treatment approaches are therefore needed to improve SIME ratio. We used a combination of hypo-fractionated radiation therapy (H-RT) with low-dose total body irradiation (L-TBI) in a syngeneic mouse model of breast and colon carcinoma. The combination therapy of H-RT and L-TBI potentially enhanced SIME by infiltration of CD8 + T cell and altering the immunosuppressive microenvironment in non-irradiated subcutaneous tumor lesions. The frequency of IFN-γ, as a tumor-specific CD8 + T cells producing, significantly inhibited the secondary tumor growth of breast and colon. Our findings suggest that L-TBI could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for metastatic breast and colon cancer and, together with H-RT, their therapeutic potential is enhanced significantly.

Growing cultivated rice with a moderate heading date is the key to expanding its cultivation area and maintaining stable yields. The genes that regulate heading date are largely cloned; however, it remains unclear how genetic mutations and their combinations affect the heading date and adaptability of cultivated rice. Here, we report the analysis of genetic variation in eight long-day flowering suppressor genes ( Hd1, DTH8, Ghd7, OsCOL4, DTH7, Hd6, Se5 , and PhyB ) and the phylogenetic relationship of eight genes. Genetic variations in DTH8 , Ghd7 , Hd1 , DTH7 , PhyB , and OsCOL4 are correlated with differences in heading date and the correlation between the genetic diversity of Hd6 and Se5 and rice heading data are weak. One group of haplotypes of DTH8 , Ghd7 , Hd1 , DTH7 , PhyB , and OsCOL4 are associated with earlier heading dates and appear to have accumulated during the northward expansion of rice cultivation. A minimum of four group A alleles of DTH8 , Ghd7 , Hd1 , DTH7 , PhyB , and OsCOL4 are required for the growth of cultivated rice at latitudes above 30°N. This study presents a preliminary investigation of the genetic patterns and adaptation mechanisms of long-day flowering suppressor genes and provides a useful reference for the molecular breeding of rice cultivars for various environments and farming systems.

Genes have been lost or weakened from cultivated rice during rice domestication and breeding. Weedy rice ( Oryza sativa f. spontanea ) is usually recognized as the progeny between cultivated rice and wild rice and is also known to harbor an gene pool for rice breeding. Therefore, identifying genes from weedy rice germplasms is an important way to break the bottleneck of rice breeding. To discover genes from weedy rice germplasms, we constructed a genetic map based on w-hole-genome sequencing of a F 2 population derived from the cross between LM8 and a cultivated rice variety. We further identified 31 QTLs associated with 12 important agronomic traits and revealed that ORUFILM03g000095 gene may play an important role in grain length regulation and participate in grain formation. To clarify the genomic characteristics from weedy rice germplasms of LM8, we generated a high-quality genome assembly using single-molecule sequencing, Bionano optical mapping, and Hi-C technologies. The genome harbored a total size of 375.8 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 24.1 Mb, and originated approximately 0.32 million years ago (Mya) and was more closely related to Oryza sativa ssp. japonica . and contained 672 unique genes. It is related to the formation of grain shape, heading date and tillering. This study generated a high-quality reference genome of weedy rice and high-density genetic map that would benefit the analysis of genome evolution for related species and suggested an effective way to identify genes related to important agronomic traits for further rice breeding.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00317.].[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00317.].

Weedy rice is a conspecific form of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) that infests rice fields and results in severe crop losses. Weed strains in different world regions appear to have originated multiple times from different domesticated and/or wild rice progenitors. In the case of Malaysian weedy rice, a multiple-origin model has been proposed based on neutral markers and analyses of domestication genes for hull color and seed shattering. Here, we examined variation in pericarp (bran) color and its molecular basis to address how this trait evolved in Malaysian weeds and its possible role in weed adaptation. Functional alleles of the Rc gene confer proanthocyanidin pigmentation of the pericarp, a trait found in most wild and weedy Oryzas and associated with seed dormancy; nonfunctional rc alleles were strongly favored during rice domestication, and most cultivated varieties have nonpigmented pericarps. Phenotypic characterizations of 52 Malaysian weeds revealed that most strains are characterized by the pigmented pericarp; however, some weeds have white pericarps, suggesting close relationships to cultivated rice. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the Rc haplotypes present in Malaysian weeds likely have at least three distinct origins: wild O. rufipogon, white-pericarp cultivated rice, and red-pericarp cultivated rice. These diverse origins contribute to high Rc nucleotide diversity in the Malaysian weeds. Comparison of Rc allelic distributions with other rice domestication genes suggests that functional Rc alleles may confer particular fitness benefits in weedy rice populations, for example, by conferring seed dormancy. This may promote functional Rc introgression from local wild Oryza populations.