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Public speaking anxiety, which is closely related to social anxiety, is a crucial factor in the development of adolescents. It affects their ability to regulate their emotions and irrational beliefs, which in turn shapes their relationships and academic success. The purpose of this present study is two-fold: (a) to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool for public speaking anxiety for adolescents, and (b) to determine the mediating role of dysfunctional emotion regulation on the effect of irrational beliefs on public speaking anxiety. To achieve this, data were collected through face-to-face interviews from a total of 1231 adolescent students, including 642 girls (age, X¯ = 14.96) and 589 boys (X¯ = 14.99), aged between 12 and 17 years old in five stages. Data collection was based on the Public Speaking Anxiety Scale (PSAS) (developed in the current study), the Irrational Beliefs Scale (IBS), the Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (REQ) and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). Data were analysed through SPSS, AMOS, JAMOVI, G-POWER and Microsoft Excel programmes. This study concludes that the Public Speaking Anxiety Scale (PSAS) has demonstrated both valid and reliable psychometric properties. The findings of this study further reveal that internal dysfunctional emotion regulation plays a partial mediating role in the effect of irrational beliefs on public speaking anxiety, and that external dysfunctional emotion regulation, on the contrary, did not have a mediating role in the effect of irrational beliefs on public speaking anxiety.

Background/purpose – Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems seen in children and adolescents. Based on this general framework, the first aim of the study is to reveal the prevalence of trait anxiety among adolescents and to determine whether this prevalence differs according to their gender. The second aim is to reveal whether adolescents’ ineffective coping styles with stress, friend loyalty, and gender predict trait anxiety.Materials/methods – Data were collected from a total of 531 adolescents (318 females; 213 males). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Coping Strategies Scale in Stress Experiences, and the Friend Attachment Scale were used as data collection tools.Results – According to the findings, 18.3% of adolescents had a low level of anxiety, 65.2% were moderate, and 16.0% had a high level of anxiety. In terms of gender, 17.6% of females had a low level of anxiety, 62.3% were moderate, and 20.1% had a high level of anxiety. For the males, 18.3% had a low level of anxiety, 69.5% were moderate, and 11.3% had a high level of anxiety. This gender-based difference was shown to be significant. Another finding showed the adolescents’ trait anxiety scores to be negatively correlated with friend attachment, and positive significant relationships revealed between ineffective coping styles. These variables and gender together explain 31.0% of the trait anxiety variance.Conclusion – The findings showed the trait anxiety of female adolescents to be higher than male adolescents. In addition, attention should be paid as to whether attachment to friends and ineffective coping methods with stress are used in research and treatment processes related to trait anxiety.

The present study was planned in two stages. The initial stage entailed the development of an interpersonal communication anxiety scale for adolescents. The subsequent stage involved an examination of the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the effect of perfectionism on interpersonal communication anxiety in adolescents. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, data were collected from a total of 1,643 adolescents (829 girls, 814 boys; age, = 14.8) aged between 12 and 17 years for both studies. In the first stage of the study, data was collected from 1029 adolescents (519 girls, 510 boys; age, =14.9) attending schools in four different residential areas. In the second stage, data obtained from 614 adolescents (age, =14.6), comprising 310 girls (age, =14.4) and 304 boys (age, =14.8), who were different from those in the first stage, were analyzed. In the first stage of the study, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of the Interpersonal Communication Anxiety Scale revealed that the 12-item single factor explained 69.22% of the total variance. The results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) demonstrated that the model exhibited excellent or good fit, and the model fit values were again excellent in terms of measurement invariance by gender. The internal reliability Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was 0.96. In this respect, it was determined that the Interpersonal Communication Anxiety Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for adolescents in Turkish culture, with no variation according to gender. In the second stage of the study, when cognitive flexibility and self-directed perfectionism acted as mediators between adolescents’ interpersonal communication anxiety, the total effect coefficient was significantly reduced (− 0.12; 0.02). In a similar manner, when cognitive flexibility mediated the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and interpersonal communication anxiety, the total effect coefficient was found to decrease significantly (− 0.12; 0.00). Consequently, it has been determined that cognitive flexibility in adolescents serves as a pivotal mediating factor between self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and interpersonal communication anxiety.

Bu araştırmada, arkadaşlık becerisi eğitiminin ilköğretim ikinci kademeye devam eden öğrencilerin sosyometrik statülerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2004-2005 Eğitim-Öğretim yılı ikinci döneminde, Malatya Kemal Özalper lköğretim Okuluna devam eden altıncı ve yedinci sınıf öğrencilere Sosyometri tekniği uygulanmıştır. Öğrencilerden sosyometri ön test ve son testinde, birlikte olmak istedikleri ve birlikte olmak istemedikleri üçer arkadaşının ismini belirtmeleri istenmiştir.Ön test sonucunda; öğrencilerden, gönüllülüğe dayalı olarak kız ve erkek olmak üzere on altı kişiden oluşan deney grubu oluşturulmuştur. Yine deney grubuna paralel eşit sayıda öğrenciden oluşan kontrol grubu oluşturulmuştur. Her iki gruba ön uygulama sosyometri sonucunda, eşit sayıda popüler, ortalama, ihtilaflı, reddedilmiş ve ihmal edilmiş statüye sahip öğrenciler dâhil edilmiştir.Deney grubuna sekiz oturumluk ve sekiz hafta süren grupla arkadaşlık becerisi eğitimi programı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna hiçbir uygulama yapılmamıştır. Uygulama sonrasında tekrar sosyometri uygulanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarının ön test ve son test ölçümlerinin karşılaştırılmasında tekrarlanmış ölçümler için varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada hata payı .05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.Arkadaşlık becerisi eğitimi sonunda, deney grubundaki popüler olmayan öğrencilerin sosyal tercih boyutu anlamlı düzeyde artış göstermiş tir.

Despite numerous studies on second-line therapies in metastatic pancreatic cancer, there is no randomized study evaluating the efficacy of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel as a second-line treatment. This study aims to examine the efficacy of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in second-line therapy. In this retrospective study, a total of 218 patients from 23 centers were included. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), treatment efficacy based on ECOG performance status (PS), and tumor marker (CEA, CA 19 − 9) levels. In the second-line treatment with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel, the median PFS was 5.1 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 6.0), and the median OS was 8.6 months (95% CI, 7.3 to 10.0). Median PFS was 6.6 months in patients with normal CEA levels compared to 4.4 months in patients with high CEA levels ( P  = 0.01). Median PFS was 6 months in patients with ECOG PS 0–1 compared to 3.8 months in patients with PS 2 ( P  < 0.01). This study demonstrates the contribution of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in both OS and PFS in second-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. It was found to be a good option especially for young patients with good ECOG PS.

Background Osteomyelitis (OM) is a local or generalised infection of the bone and bone marrow which may be multifactorial in its causation. In this study, we aimed to determine oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant status of patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Material method In this study, patients with chronic osteomyelitis and healthy controls were compared for descriptive characteristics (age and gender) and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxy guanosine and antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Results This was a case‐control study. About 5 mL of venous blood was collected for the estimation of biochemical parameters. This study comprised of 36 OM patients diagnosed, and 41 healthy ages (25‐55 years) and sex‐matched individuals. Antioxidant enzyme levels were significantly lower in patients with OM, whereas MDA and oxidative DNA damage levels were significantly higher. Conclusion The results obtained from this study have shown that the oxidant‐antioxidant balance is impaired in patients with chronic osteomyelitis. It also supports that chronic osteomyelitis has associated with oxidative DNA damage.

Background and Objectives: Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a widely used biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its association with oncogenic driver alterations and prognostic significance across molecular subtypes in metastatic disease remains insufficiently defined. Materials and Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 332 patients with metastatic NSCLC harboring oncogenic alterations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS, and others) from eight oncology centers in Türkiye. Baseline serum CEA levels measured at metastatic diagnosis were analyzed on the natural logarithmic scale. Associations between CEA levels, molecular subtypes, clinical features, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using generalized linear models and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Baseline CEA levels differed significantly across molecular subtypes (p = 0.001), with EGFR-mutant tumors showing the highest median levels. Multivariable analysis identified driver alteration, histology, and metastatic burden as independent determinants of baseline CEA. Higher baseline CEA and metastatic site count were independently associated with increased mortality risk (HR 1.151 and 1.279 per unit increase, respectively; p < 0.001), while female sex was protective (HR 0.626; p = 0.004). KRAS mutations were associated with poorer survival compared with EGFR (HR 2.370; p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analyses showed a consistent trend toward longer OS in patients with CEA < 5 ng/mL, with significance only in the rare alteration subgroup. Conclusions: Baseline CEA may reflect underlying tumor biology across molecular subtypes and are associated with survival outcomes in metastatic NSCLC. However, given the variability across subgroups and modest effect sizes, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Prospective studies evaluating longitudinal CEA dynamics are warranted.

In the present study, the biochemical composition and shape and dimensional traits of 25 rosehip ( ) genotypes were investigated. The shape and dimensional traits were determined by image processing technique. Seed-propagated rosehip genotypes belonging to were collected from the natural flora of Mesudiye (Ordu) and Talas (Kayseri) districts. Antioxidant activity (39.510–72.673 mmol · kg ), total flavonoids (287.80–1,686.20 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) · kg ) and total phenolics (38,519.40–79,080.60 mg gallic acid equivalent · kg ) of the genotypes exhibited large variations. Width (12.2 mm) and thickness (12.5 mm) of fruits averages were found to be close to each other. The genotypes exhibited fruit lengths between 12.0 mm and 29.5 mm. Average projected area at horizontal orientation (179.7 mm ) was greater than the projected area at vertical orientation (120.4 mm ). Sphericity average was calculated as 71.4%. According to principal component (PC) analysis, the most important dimensional traits discriminating genotypes from each other were identified as surface area, geometric mean diameter and volume. In terms of shape attributes, distinctive differences were observed in sphericity, circularity, elongation and surface closure rates (SCR) of the genotypes. According to elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA), genotypes look like a sphere. In terms of shape, there were long, spherical, flat bottomed, pointed bottomed and asymmetric-looking genotypes indicating how environment and genotype affect the fruit shape. The greatest shape variation was transverse contraction and expansion. According to the clustering analysis for shape attributes, rosehip genotypes were classified into six groups. Dendrogram, scatter plots of linear discriminant analysis and paired comparison test results put forth the shape differences of the genotype successfully.

Background: Metastatic gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer are associated with a poor prognosis. Recent advancements in treatment have incorporated trastuzumab, anti-PD-1 agents, and anti-claudin therapies alongside chemotherapy (ChT), significantly improving outcomes. Contemporary studies predominantly employ doublet ChT as the backbone for these regimens, although historically triplet ChT regimens have been favored, particularly in younger patients requiring rapid tumor shrinkage. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of mFOLFOX-6 and mDCF regimens in the treatment of advanced GC and GEJ adenocarcinoma. Design: This was a retrospective multicenter study. Methods: Patient data were obtained from the databases of 25 hospitals across Turkey. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics were documented. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and group discrepancies were assessed with log-rank test. Results: A total of 493 patients were included in the analysis, with similar baseline characteristics between the two groups. The objective response rate was 36.3% in the mDCF group and 38% in the mFOLFOX-6 group (p = 0.7). The median PFS was 6 months for mDCF and 7 months for mFOLFOX-6 (p = 0.2), while the median OS was 12 months for mDCF and 11 months for mFOLFOX-6 (p = 0.4). Grade 3–4 neutropenia occurred in 27.6% of patients treated with mDCF versus 17.8% with mFOLFOX-6 (p = 0.01). Likewise, grade 3–4 anemia was more frequent in the mDCF group (9.5%) compared to the mFOLFOX-6 group (4.8%; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Modified FOLFOX-6 demonstrated comparable efficacy to mDCF in the treatment of advanced GC and GEJ adenocarcinoma. Moreover, mFOLFOX-6 was associated with a lower incidence of hematological adverse effects.