Explore the vast range of titles available.

This study aimed to determine the effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil (REO) in lamb fattening diets on blood, rumen parameters, fattening performance and meat quality. Thirty Norduz male lambs weaned at 4 months of age with average body weight 22.0 ± 4.41 kg were used. Lambs were divided into three groups: no rosemary oil (control, R0), with 250 mg/kg DM (R250) and with 500 mg/kg DM (R500) rosemary oil added to the basal ration, and fed for 70 d. The daily feed intake of the R500 lambs (1.63 kg) was lower than other groups (1.70 kg) (p = .01). Rosemary oil did not change the density of methane-producing bacteria in the rumen fluid. Rumen pH was 6.31 in R250 lambs, while it was 6.16 in control (p < .04). The proportion of propionic acid (PA) increased in R250 (26.5 molar%) and R500 (26.0 molar%) lambs compared to control lambs (22.7 molar%) (p < .001). Serum glucose levels increased with REO dose (p < .01) and serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in R250 lambs (p < .001). The dose rates of REO used in fattening lambs had limited effect on fattening performance, carcase and meat quality. The results showed that although it does not affect the final live weight, the negative effect of REO on feed intake at 500 mg/kg was considered as a limiting factor and 250 mg/kg dose of REO may have positive effects on ruminal fermentation. Hence, it may be beneficial to try doses lower than 500 mg in further studies. Highlights Rosemary oil may improve rumen pH and the propionic acid (PA) concentration at 250 mg of REO/kg DM of the diet. Serum IGF-1 levels were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dose of REO. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were negatively affected by REO at 500 mg/kg DM. Lambs supplemented with 500 mg REO/kg DM in the diet had the lowest CLA. The effect of rosemary oil on slaughter-carcase characteristics and meat quality was limited.

We present a case of a 28-year-old man with a severe osteoarthritic varus knee after a neglected multiligamentous injury sustained 10 years prior. Simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstructions with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) were performed at a single stage. Five years after surgery, there were no signs of effusion and no instability, and the patient could easily kneel down without any discomfort. We think that salvage procedures and biological reconstructions would be the primary choice of surgical treatment in young patients to delay arthroplasty, and it is possible to perform simultaneous reconstructions of ACL and PCL with HTO in a single stage.

In this paper, a novel cable-constrained parallel mechanism is presented as a lightweight, low-cost leg mechanism design for walking machines to be used on flat surfaces. The proposed leg mechanism has three translational degrees of freedom. It is based on two specific hybrid kinematic topologies being herewith proposed. The paper reports the kinematic analysis formulation and a position performance evaluation to confirm the main characteristics of the proposed solutions. A 3D CAD model and simulations are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design for performing a human-like gait trajectory. A prototype has been built, and preliminarily tests have been conducted to confirm the motion capabilities of the proposed mechanism design. Then a second, enhanced prototype has been designed and built. An experimental validation is carried out for tracking a planar walking trajectory with the built prototypes by using a real-time PCI controller. Results are presented to validate the operation characteristics of the proposed mechanism and to prove its feasibility for legged walking machines.

The infrapatellar fat pad of Hoffa is commonly injured but rarely discussed in the orthopaedic literature. Hoffa’s disease is the extension of various traumatic events due to impingement and inflammation of the infrapatellar fat pad and known as a vague reason for anterior knee pain. Inflammation is foreground during acute phase of the disease while impingement due to fibrosis and scar tissue of infrapatellar fat pad plays a major role in the chronic phase. The osteochondroma of the infrapatellar fat pad secondary to the Hoffa’s disease can be more problematic. Although, the fibrocartilaginous transformation and osteochondral metaplasia of infrapatellar fat pad was pointed out frequently in the literature, the published papers seem far from clarifying the relation between chronic impingement and formation of osteochondroma. We present a case of a giant ossifying chondroma in the infrapatellar fat pad that resulted from chronic Hoffa’s disease. Complete open resection was performed successfully after arthroscopic examination. The infrapatellar fat pad contains the entire progenitor cells for the development of an osteochondroma and chronic impingement may have promoter affect on this issue, thus, an osteochondroma may occur at the end-stage Hoffa’s disease.

This thesis focuses on the two modified Altmann linkages and deployable networks obtained from them. The modified linkages are special cases of general line-symmetric Bricard linkages. These linkages provide constructional advantages compared to the original Altmann linkage, and one of the modified linkages is novel for the literature. Kinematic analyses of both linkages are performed. The deployable networks composed of these linkages are classified. One of the two linkages is selected to describe the characteristics and motion behavior of each network. Built prototypes of some networks are presented.A dome-like deployable network is selected as a case study. The case study covers the design, prototyping and testing of a deployable tent mechanism. Two physical prototype designs, structural simulations and some test results are presented. The parametric model for the geometry of the designs is developed and implemented in Microsoft Excel®. A custom API is designed to integrate the parametric model into the solid modeling environment (Solidworks®) as an Excel add-in. Simulations are run to explore the nonlinear elastic deformation behavior of the first prototype under static load conditions. MSC Apex® is used as the pre- and post-processor, whereas MSC Nastran® is the solver. The presented finite element models are generated utilizing the API library of MSC Apex®. Another custom API workflow is introduced for this task. The construction and test results of the first prototype are presented, whereas the second prototype is to be built as a future study.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite increased understanding of peripheral nerve regeneration, functional recovery after surgical repair remains disappointing. A major contributing factor is the extensive collateral branching at the lesion site, which leads to inaccurate axonal navigation and aberrant reinnervation of targets. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Y tube reconstruction improved axonal regrowth and whether this was associated with improved function. METHODS: We used a Y-tube conduit with the aim of improving navigation of regenerating axons after facial nerve transection in rats. RESULTS: Retrograde labeling from the zygomatic and buccal branches showed a halving in the number of double-labeled facial motor neurons (15% vs 8%; P < .05) after Y tube reconstruction compared with facial-facial anastomosis coaptation. However, in both surgical groups, the proportion of polyinnervated motor endplates was similar (∼30%; P > .05), and video-based motion analysis of whisking revealed similarly poor function. CONCLUSION: Although Y-tube reconstruction decreases axonal branching at the lesion site and improves axonal navigation compared with facial-facial anastomosis coaptation, it fails to promote monoinnervation of motor endplates and confers no functional benefit.

A case of bilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation in a middle aged horse rider was presented. The patient was an amateur rider who sustained the injury when the horse reared suddenly. The rider fell back from the saddle while holding the halter. The shoulders were dislocated by a violent traction when shoulders were in internal rotation and flexion in sagittal plane and slight abduction in coronal plane. To the best of our knowledge this case is the third glenohumeral dislocation by forward traction. A review of the literature is presented.

Although the Achilles tendon (AT) is the strongest tendon in the human body, rupture of this tendon is one of the most common sports injuries in the athletic population. Despite numerous nonoperative and operative methods that have been described, there is no universal agreement about the optimal management strategy of acute total AT ruptures. The management of AT ruptures should aim to minimize the morbidity of the injury, optimize rapid return to full function, and prevent complications. Since endoscopy-assisted percutaneous AT repair allows direct visualization of the synovia and protects the paratenon that is important in biological healing of the AT, this technique becomes a reasonable treatment option in AT ruptures. Furthermore, Achilles tendoscopy technique may decrease the complications about the sural nerve. Also, early functional postoperative physiotherapy following surgery may improve the surgical outcomes.

Isı transferi mühendislik uygulamalarında önemli bir yer kaplamaktadır, hem ısı transferi hem de akışkanlar mekaniğinin birlikte incelenmesi önemli bir çalışma alanıdır. Çalışma kapsamında bir su kanalı içerisinde ısıtılan silindirin çevresine olan kontrollü ısı geçişleri incelenmiştir. Öncelikle tek başına ısıtılan ana silindir için ısı geçişleri incelenmiş ardından üst akış bölgesine kontrol silindiri yerleştirilmesi ile çalışmalar devam etmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar da kullanılan kontrol silindiri öncelikle düz geometri (oluksuz yapı) ardından oluklu geometri (üçgensel, dairesel, dikdörtgensel) yapısı ile kullanılmıştır. Deneysel çıktılarının kaydedilmesi ve istenen aktif akış kontrol uygulamalarını sağlamak için SCADA (kontrol ve veri kayıt sistemi) kontrol sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Kontrol silindirinin sabit bir konumda tutulmuş (pasif akış kontrolü) ardından farklı açısal salınım ve devirlerde hareket ettirilmesi ise servo-motor sistemi ile sağlanmış ve veriler kaydedilmiştir. Re=5000'de (akış hızı) akış alanı içerisinde farklı L/D mesafesi, farklı açısal salınım ve dönüş hızlarında deneyler tekrarlanmıştır. Tekli, ikili, çoklu ve beşli deneylerin yapıldığı akış alanında ana silindir farklı konfigürasyonlarında elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Tez çalışması kapsamında ölçülen sıcaklık değerlerine göre hesaplanan Nu değerleri deneylerin başarı oranını (ısı geçişlerindeki pozitif etkiyi) ifade etmektedir.

The objective of this thesis study is to propose novel cable-constrained parallel mechanisms for walking machines. According to the literature, hybrid structured parallel mechanisms can overcome mechanical design, control system and workspace limitations compared to other structures.This thesis study introduces two novel hybrid structured leg mechanisms comprising rigid links and passive cables. Kinematic structure of the proposed mechanisms are (UPU-2Pa)-(UPU-2Pa)and (UU-2Pa)-P. Both designs have a hip, a knee and a foot platform. Two rotational constraints about horizontal axes are added to the moving platforms by using parallelograms with passive cables. The rotational constraint about the vertical axis is provided by rigid links and joints. Thus, the proposed designs have pure translational motion.The detailed analysis of the mechanism design with anchored cables is conducted. A CAD model is constructed and a dynamic simulation for human-like gait trajectory is performed in SolidWorks® environment. Once the computed actuator torques and forces are found suitable, a first prototype is built to check the proposed solution. Considering the problems encountered in this first prototype, a second prototype of the (UU-2Pa)-P mechanism is built. The prototype is operated using a real-time PCI controller and experimental results are presented. The mechanisms presented in this thesis is one of the few cable-constrained parallel manipulator designs in the literature. Such a manipulator design is used for a walking machine for the first time. The prototype and test results are quite satisfactory, so hopefully more detailed research can be conducted on this topic in the future.