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Water quality regulation is widely recognized as a highly effective strategy for disease prevention in the field of aquaculture, and it holds significant potential for the development of sustainable aquaculture. Herein, four water quality regulators, including potassium monopersulfate (KMPS), tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS), bacillus subtilis (BS), and chitosan (CS), were added to the culture water of Oreochromis niloticus (GIFT tilapia) every seven days. Subsequently, the effects of these four water quality regulators on GIFT tilapia were comprehensively evaluated by measuring the water quality index of daily growth-related performance and immune indexes of GIFT tilapia. The findings indicated that implementing the four water quality regulators resulted in a decrease in the content of ammonia nitrogen, active phosphate, nitrite, total organic carbon (TOC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water. Additionally, these regulators were found to maintain dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and pH of the water effectively. Furthermore, using these regulators demonstrated positive effects on various physiological parameters of GIFT tilapia, including improvements in final body weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), feed conversion ratio (FCR), spleen index (SI), hepato-somatic index (HSI), immune cell count, the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes (Nitric oxide, NO and Superoxide dismutase, SOD), and mRNA expression levels of immunity-related factors (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, TNF-α and Interleukin-1 beta, IL-1β) in the liver and spleen. Notably, the most significant improvements were observed in the groups treated with the BS and CS water quality regulators. Moreover, BS and CS groups exhibited significantly higher serum levels of albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) ( P < 0.05), whereas the other indicators showed no significant difference ( P > 0.05) compared to the control group. However, the KMPS and THPS groups of GIFT tilapia exhibited significantly higher serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ( P < 0.05), whereas they exhibited significantly decreased HSI ( P < 0.05). In addition, the partially pathological observations revealed the presence of cell vacuolation, nuclear shrinkage, and pyknosis within the liver. In conclusion, these four water quality regulators, mainly BS and CS, could improve the growth performance and immunity of GIFT tilapia to varying degrees by regulating the water quality and then further increasing the expression levels of immune-related factors or the activity of antioxidant-related enzymes of GIFT tilapia. On the contrary, the prolonged use of KMPS and THPS may gradually diminish their growth-enhancing properties and potentially hinder the growth of GIFT tilapia.

Several studies have evaluated the risk factors influencing biochemical recurrence （BCR） of prostate cancer in patients receiving salvage radiotherapy （SRT） for BCR after radical prostatectomy （RP）, but the results remain conflicting. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to resolve this conflict. We searched the following databases： PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science using the following terms in ＂All fields＂： ＂salvage radiation therapy,＂ ＂salvage IMRT, S-IMRT, salvage radiotherapy, SRT, radical prostatectomy,＂ ＂RP, biochemical recurrence,＂ ＂BCR,＂ ＂biochemical relapse.＂ Eleven studies, with a total of 1383 patients, were included in our meta-analysis. Of all the variables, only Gleason score （GS） 〉7 （odds ratio [OR]： 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]： 2.60-5.64） and pathological tumor （pT） stage 〉3a （OR： 1.82; 95% Ch 1.36-2.42） were positively correlated with BCR. However, SRT combined with androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） （OR： 0.63; 95% CI： 0.44-0.90） and radiation therapy （RT） dose 〉64 Gy （OR： 0.35; 95% CI： 0.19-0.64） were negatively correlated with BCR. Perineural invasion （OR： 2.64; 95% CI： 1.11-6.26）, preoperative prostate-specific antigen （PSA） 〉10 ng m1-1 （OR： 1.36; 95% CI： 0.94-1.96）, positive surgical margin （OR： 0.92; 95% Ch 0.7-1.19）, and seminal vesicle involvement （SVI） （OR： 1.09; 95% Ch. 0.83-1.43） had no effect on BCR. Our meta-analysis indicated that pT stage, GS, RT dose, and SRT combined with ADT may influence BCR, while preoperative PSA, surgical margin, perineural invasion, and SVI have only a weak effect on BCR.

This study aims to evaluate the potential value of patient characteristics in predicting overall survival （OS） in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC） treated with docetaxel-based thermotherapy. A total of 115 patients with mCRPC undergoing a docetaxel q3w regimen were enrolled in this study. A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the prognostic value of all covariates for OS. OS was also analysed after stratifying patients according to the results of multivariate analysis. The median OS for the entire cohort was 17.0 months. The multivariate analysis showed that the prostate-specific antigen doubling time （PSADT）, baseline haemoglobin （Hb） concentration, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） concentration, cycles of chemotherapy and time to castration resistance were independent prognostic factors of OS. According to the presence of PSADT 〈46.3 days and baseline ALP/〉 110 IU 1-1, all patients were divided into three risk groups： low-risk group （no risk factors）, intermediate-risk group （one risk factor） and high-risk group （two risk factors）. Median OSs for patients in low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups were 28.0 months （95% Ch 23.8-32.2）, 21.0 months （95% Ch 18.9-23.1） and 11.0 months （95% Ch 7.6-14.4）, respectively （P〈O.O01）. In conclusion, PSADT, baseline Hb concentration, ALP concentration, cycles of chemotherapy and time to castration resistance were independent prognostic factors of OS in Chinese patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel. PSADT combined with the baseline ALP concentration could be a useful risk stratification parameter for evaluating survival outcomes.

Immunosenescence impacts both the innate and adaptive immune systems, predominantly affecting certain immune cell types. A notable manifestation of immunosenescence is the diminished efficacy of adaptive immunity. The excessive senescence of immune cells, particularly T cells, leads to marked immune deficiency, consequently escalating the risk of infections, tumors, and age-associated disorders. Lymphocytes, especially T cells, are subject to both replicative and premature senescence. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase have multifaceted roles in regulating cellular behavior, possessing the ability to counteract both replicative and premature senescence in lymphocytes. This review encapsulates recent advancements in understanding immunosenescence, with a focus on T cell senescence, and the regulatory mechanisms involving TERT/telomerase. Additionally, it comprehensively discusses strategies aimed at inhibiting immunosenescence by augmenting TERT/telomerase activity.

The assembly of prereplicative complex (pre-RC) during G1 phase must be tightly controlled to sustain cell proliferation and maintain genomic stability. Mechanisms to prevent pre-RC formation in G2/M and S phases are well appreciated, whereas how cells ensure efficient pre-RC assembly during G1 is less clear. Here we report that cyclin K regulates pre-RC formation. We find that cyclin K expression positively correlates with cell proliferation, and knockdown of cyclin K or its cognate kinase CDK12 prevents the assembly of pre-RC in G1 phase. Mechanistically we uncover that cyclin K promotes pre-RC assembly by restricting cyclin E1 activity in G1. We identify a cyclin K-dependent, novel phosphorylation site in cyclin E1 that disrupts its interaction with CDK2. Importantly, this antagonistic relationship is largely recapitulated in cyclin E1-overexpressing tumors. We discuss the implications of our findings in light of recent reports linking cyclin K and CDK12 to human tumorigenesis. Prereplicative complex (pre-RC) formation during G1 is fundamental for cell replication. Here the authors report a role for cyclin K in regulating pre-RC formation in mammalian cells by affecting cyclin E1 activity.

The first genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Han Chinese population, we reported recently, had identified rs6903956 in gene ADTRP on chromosome 6p24.1 as a novel susceptibility locus for CAD. The risk allele of rs6903956 was associated with decreased mRNA expression of ADTRP. To further study the correlation of ADTRP expression and CAD, in this study we evaluated the associations of eight common variants in the expression-regulating regions of ADTRP with CAD in the Southern Han Chinese population. Rs169790 in 3'UTR, rs2076189 in 5'UTR, four SNPs (rs2076188, rs7753407, rs11966356 and rs1018383) in promoter, and two SNPs (rs3734273, rs80355771) in the last intron of ADTRP were genotyped in 1716 CAD patients and 1572 controls. The correlations between these loci and total or early-onset CAD were investigated. None of these loci was discovered to associate with total CAD (P > 0.05). However, with early-onset CAD, significant both allelic and genotypic associations of rs7753407, rs11966356 and rs1018383 were identified, after adjustment for risk factors of age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, lipid profiles and smoking (adjusted P < 0.05). A haplotype AGCG (constructed by rs2076188, rs7753407, rs11966356 and rs1018383) was identified to protect subjects from early-onset CAD (OR = 0.332, 95% CI = 0.105-0.879, adjusted P = 0.010). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay showed that the risk alleles of the associated loci were significantly associated with decreased expression of ADTRP mRNA. Moreover, the average level of ADTRP mRNA expression in early-onset CAD cases was significantly lower than that in controls. Our results provide new evidence supporting the association of ADTRP with the pathogenesis of early-onset CAD.

Dust aerosols profoundly influence the radiative balance of the earth–atmosphere system and hence the global and regional climates. In this study, using multi-source satellite and ground-level observations combined with meteorological data, we investigated the three-dimensional evolution and transport characteristics of aerosols during a dust event that occurred in Xinjiang, China from 19 to 21 March 2019. Analysis of the meteorological data reveals that the dust air mass initially appeared in the northwest of Xinjiang and was subsequently transported to the Hami and Turpan areas due to the prevailing northwesterly winds, after which the direction of the airflow shifted due to topography, and the dust air masses were transported into southern Xinjiang. The air quality in the affected areas decreased rapidly, accompanied by a significant increase in aerosol optical depth (AOD), with the maximum value exceeding 3.5 in some areas. In addition, the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations ( CALIPSO ) data reveal that the aerosol particles in the dust-affected areas were mainly dust aerosols, with small amounts of pollutant dust aerosols. A reduction in the attenuated backscatter coefficient ( β 532∥) was found with increasing altitude, with the dust aerosol pollution mainly distributed in the lower troposphere. The size of dust particles in the lower troposphere was relatively small and irregular. The depolarization ratio (PDR) values at altitudes of 8–10 km were relatively lower than those recorded in the lower troposphere, whereas the color ratio (CR) values were higher, which may have been influenced by the sparse vegetation coverage and poor subsurface conditions in Xinjiang, and attributable to the fact that regular large particles of dust are more likely to be dispersed to altitudes between 8 and 10 km within a short period of time. As a consequence of the meteorological conditions and topography, the dusting process in Xinjiang persisted for a relatively long period. These findings will contribute to enhanced understanding of the vertical distribution of aerosols in Northwest China.

In the original article, Fig. 4b was published incorrectly in which four to five lanes in Pi-ERK and Pi-CREB panels look very similar to each other (Telomerase reconstitution contributes to resetting of circadian rhythm in fibroblasts, Mol Cell Biochem, 2008, 313:11–18). Since this image was stored in The Experiment Center of the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, which was dissoluted in 2012, the original data cannot be traced. Experiments were therefore redone to verify the result and the correct version of Fig. 4b is provided in this correction.

本研究旨在探讨不同肥胖测量指标对中国临床局限性前列腺癌患者临床病理特征的影响。本研究共入组734例在我院接受根治性前列腺切除术治疗的临床局限性前列腺癌患者，我们回顾性收集了全组患者的临床病理资料。BMI的计算即体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方。本组共413例患者术前在我院行盆腔增强核磁共振（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）扫描。在MRJ扫描T2加权、矢状位图像上测量413例患者的腹部肥胖测量指标。利用方差分析或卡方检验比较不同BMI组患者的临床病理特征。利用Logistic回归模型分析术前血清睾酮水平和各肥胖测量指标对术后病理结果的影响。在多因素分析中，我们并未发现BMI与患者术后病理结果存在相关性。然而，多因素分析结果显示，内脏脂肪比例为术后病理Gleason评分≥8分（P〈O．001），包膜外侵犯（P=0．002）和精囊腺侵犯（P=0．007）的独立预后因素。此外，我们还发现术前血清睾酮水平与内脏脂肪比例呈负相关（R=-0．485，P〈0．001）而与皮下脂肪厚度成正相关（R=0．413，P〈0．001）。综上所述，本研究结果显示，腹部脂肪的分布，尤其是内脏脂肪比例，是进展性前列腺癌的危险因素。而且，内脏脂肪比例与血清睾酮水平呈负相关。内脏肥胖影响进展性前列腺癌的分子生物学机制仍需进一步研究。