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A prior report on hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy showed a reduced rate of death or disability at 18 to 22 months of age. In this report of outcomes at 6 to 7 years, rates of death or an IQ below 70 were nonsignificantly lower with hypothermia than with usual care. Moderate or severe neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is associated with a high incidence of death or motor and sensory disability in children. 1 – 5 Children with encephalopathy are at risk for cognitive deficits even in the absence of functional deficits. Survivors without disability have delayed entry into primary school and fine-motor dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities. Hypothermia to 33 to 34°C for 72 hours, when initiated within 6 hours after birth among infants of more than 35 weeks' gestational age with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, has been shown to reduce the risk of death or disability and increase the rate of survival free of disability . . .

This multicenter trial showed no significant differences in the composite outcome of death or neurodevelopmental impairment among extremely preterm infants randomly assigned to early CPAP or early surfactant and to lower or higher oxygen saturation. Extremely premature infants are at high risk for death and neurosensory or developmental impairment in early childhood. 1 – 3 The risk of neurodevelopmental impairment increases with decreasing gestational age and greater severity of illness. Neurodevelopmental impairment is often a consequence of neonatal complications. 4 – 12 Although surfactant administration decreases the risk of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, randomized, controlled trials of various respiratory interventions have not shown significant reductions in mortality and morbidity or improvement in developmental outcomes. 13 – 17 We previously reported results of the multicenter, randomized, controlled Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Pulse Oximetry Randomized Trial (SUPPORT), which involved extremely premature infants (from . . .

This study explores the perception of satisfaction of caregivers who attended a feeding clinic at a large pediatric hospital in the midwest. The clinic is designed for a multidisciplinary team to meet with the child and the caregiver. Thirty-five participants were involved in the study. Results indicated that most participants were satisfied with the clinic experience. However, there were areas of care not covered by the members of the feeding team, which indicates a need. It is suggested that this need could be filled by occupational therapists.