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Les romans d’Ahmadou Kourouma sont ancrés dans la réalité et l’histoire africaines. L’auteur y tisse une configuration discursive dysphorique à propos de la situation des pays africains. Certes, ces derniers ont dû souffrir du colonialisme et de l’oppression qui en découle, mais leur réalité après les indépendances a été également marquée du sceau de l’arbitraire et de la misère et ont souvent sombré dans le désappointement total et dans les guerres intestines. Kourouma brosse le portrait d’une Afrique vouée à ses propres douleurs et à ses contradictions abyssales, et ce en campant des éléments historiques et en les inscrivant dans un moule romanesque. L’objectif de ce travail consiste à analyser dans quelle mesure l’écriture de Kourouma transcende l’Histoire, en comble les silences et les zones d’ombre. Il s’agit d’étudier la manière dont l’auteur récupère la réalité historique et la fictionnalise. Pour ce faire, nous articulerons notre article autour de deux axes principaux : dans un premier temps, nous analyserons les désillusions de l’être africain au lendemain de l’indépendance, avant de nous pencher, dans un second temps, sur l’enlisement de la société africaine dans les guerres intestines après une résistance farouche face au colonisateur.

Las novelas de Ahmadou Kourouma hunden sus raíces en la historia y la realidad africanas. En ellas, el autor teje una configuración discursiva disfórica sobre la situación de los países africanos. Es cierto que los países africanos han sufrido el colonialismo y la opresión que conlleva, pero su realidad posterior a la independencia también ha estado marcada por la arbitrariedad y la miseria y a menudo se sumieron en la decepción total y la guerra intestina. Kourouma traza el retrato de un África abocada a su propio dolor y a sus abismales contradicciones, enmarcando los elementos históricos en un molde novelístico.

This article aims to subject Molière's play, Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, to a sociological analysis. To do so, some of Pierre Bourdieu's concepts, such as cultural capital, distinction and habitus, will be used. Using these concepts, we will first try to show that the play in question establishes a radioscopy of the society of the time, by staging the tribulations of a character who resolutely seeks to become a nobleman and the social struggles that weighed on said society. Then, we will deal with the main cause of Mr Jourdain's failure, namely the maladjustment of his habitus to that of the social class to which he wants to belong. Finally, we will show that culture, as well as the system of values that derives from it, is a means of domination that the nobility exercises, in the name of cultural legitimacy, over the bourgeoisie in the 17th century.

Le contexte mondial actuel dominé par la concurrence exacerbée qui régit le monde des organisations baigne celles-ci dans une atmosphère d'instabilité et d'incertitude. Ce déséquilibre oblige les entreprises à emprunter de nouvelles voies managériales dans leur quête de pérennité et de subsistance. Dans ce cadre, le « changement » devient l'une des thématiques clés dans les discours contemporains : Aussi nécessaire qu'imprévisible, il engendre plusieurs formes de résistance dues essentiellement aux confrontations culturelles qui émergent lors de la fusion d'entités organisationnelles appartenant à des contextes différents et possèdent des identités propres. L'objectif de cet article est de mener une étude qualitative de deux groupes cimentiers ayant chacun une culture différentes (Suisse, française et marocaine) après avoir effectué une opération de fusion en se basant sur les modèles de Hofstede et de Hall. Notre but est de mettre en exergue les différences culturelles des entités étudiées qui sont susceptibles de constituer des facteurs de blocage au processus de résilience envisagé par l'entreprise dans ce cadre de changement.

Satellite-based precipitation products, with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolutions, are mostly needed to assess climate change repercussions. Previous research used datasets neglecting either good temporal or good spatial resolution, PERSIANN-CCSCDR, ERA5, and SM2RAIN-ASCAT are some of the projects aiming to remedy these limitations. This study's goal is to evaluate the accuracy of the PERSIANN-CCS-CDR, ERA5, and SM2RAIN-ASCAT at a monthly scale and their suitability for drought assessment in a Moroccan semiarid watershed. Several statistical indices were computed, the drought SPI was calculated using PERSIANN-CCS-CDR estimates, ERA5 products, and observed records as an input in the SPI formula using Gamma distribution to simulate drought from 1983 to 2017. The preliminary comparison and evaluation results of PERSIANN-CCS-CDR estimates and ERA5 datasets showed good CC on a basin scale for monthly precipitation, with a slight overestimation of the observed precipitation shown by the PBIAS. The NSE scored 0.41 for PERSIANN-CCS-CDR and 0.72 for ERA5. The results for SM2RAIN-ASCAT showed an overestimation of the observed precipitation data. At the basin scale, the SPI3 correlation coefficients between the PERSIANN-CCS-CDR monthly estimates and observed gauge rainfall data were greater than 0.67, and the RMSE was closer to 0, outperforming ERA5 in the SPI3 evaluation.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be rampant with considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide since its emergence in December 2019. Several studies have focused on identifying different predictive factors of poor prognosis, including biological markers, such as C Reactive Protein among others. The objective of our work was to determine whether the CRP levels on admission to the intensive care unit are predictive of an unfavorable evolution of patients with COVID-19 through the experience of the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of Oujda and to compare our results with those reported in the literature. We conducted a retrospective, monocentric, descriptive and analytical study in the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care of the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda, Morocco, between March 2020 and October 2021, including all critically ill patients admitted to the department during this period and meeting the inclusion criteria. The baseline admission CRP value was arbitrarily set at 100mg/d, thus conditioning the division of our patients into two groups (group 1: CRP < 100mg/L, group 2: CRP ≥ 100mg/L). Among our 1035 included patients, 291 patients with had a CRP<100mlg/L (group 1) and 744 presented a CRP level equal or superior to 100mg/L (group 2). Lung parenchymal involvement was more severe or even critical (CT involvement > 75%) in group 2 (60.8%) compared to group 1 (39.2%). In group 2, 79.8% of patients were mechanically ventilated, compared to 20.2% of patients in group 1. Finally, the mortality rate in patients with a CRP ≥ 100mg/l was 77.4%, compared with 22.6% for patients with a CRP < 100mg/l. These findings are all statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Given the high contagiousness of the virus and the emergence of several variants, the management of the COVID-19 pandemic has focused more on prevention through vaccination against the virus, but also on an early identification of patients likely to evolve unfavorably for a personalized management.

We investigate the Dirac electron scattering phenomenon in a molybdenum disulfide monolayer MoS 2 quantum dot that has been submitted to a magnetic flux ϕ . Using the Dirac equation, we analytically determine the expressions for the eigenstates, the scattering efficiency, the scattering coefficients and the radial component of the reflected current. We identify different scattering regimes as a function of the physical parameters such as the incident electronic energy E, potential barrier V, radius R of the quantum dot, and magnetic flux ϕ . We show that when the energy of the incident electron is low, scattering resonances appear and that the scattered current has different preferred scattering directions.

Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. It is caused by pathogenic leptospira infection. This infection is also an uncommon cause of hepatorenal failure. Indeed, hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels and low platelet count syndrome, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy are specific to the pregnant state. Leptospirosis is rarely described in pregnancy; it might mimic puerperal sepsis or hepatorenal failure associated with pregnancy induced hypertension. We report a case of leptospirosis presenting as multiple organ failure during third trimester of pregnancy with a good outcome.

The tunneling effect of two-dimensional Dirac fermions in a constant magnetic field is studied. This can be done by using the continuity equation at some points to determine the corresponding reflexion and transmission coefficients. For this, we consider a system made of graphene as superposition of two different regions where the second is characterized by an energy gap t'. In fact, we treat concrete systems to practically give two illustrations: barrier and diode. For each case, we discuss the transmission in terms of the ratio of the energy conservation and t'. Moreover, we analyze the resonant tunneling by introducing a scalar Lorentz potential where it is shown that a total transmission is possible.