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Purpose This paper aims to offer a multi-dimensional scale for measuring the concept of perceived unfairness of revenue management pricing (RMP) in the context of hospitality. Design/methodology/approach To develop a measurement scale for the perceived unfairness of RMP, the authors conducted a qualitative study using the critical incident technique to identify the key components of our measurement tool. They then collected two samples of quantitative data enabling them to have compelling evidence of the scale’s reliability and validity. Findings This research identified three dimensions of perceived unfairness of RMP in the context of hospitality: perceived normative deviation, perceived opacity and negative effects. The new scale proposed here is an alternative measurement instrument that could be useful for detecting and correcting some negative aspects of RMP. Practical implications This measurement scale will help hotel managers to detect potential feelings of unfairness in relation to the RMP policies. It might also be used within the framework of market analyses and pricing strategy plans. Finally, the results of this research show that transparency, fairness and ethics based pricing could help hotel managers increase their revenue-per-available-room during and post COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/value This research develops a complete measurement scale for perceived unfairness of RMP, including cognitive and affective dimensions. The richness of this scale will help hospitality companies effectively identify the indicators that denote perceived unfairness of RMP, making them better equipped to handle customer dissatisfaction.

Moral development is a significant issue in education, yet there is no concrete understanding of how moral learning and moral reasoning are integrated into higher education institutions, especially without a religious connotation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between learner-centered practice, moral development, and moral reasoning within adult learners in higher education institutions. This grounded theory study intended to provide insight into the moral reflections, experiences, and perceptions of adult learners in the context of learner-centered practice. Thirteen adult learners from four research settings participated in this study. The research settings were observed using an observational protocol to ensure that they were learner-centered. In-depth phone interviews were the main source of data collection; participants were interviewed two to three times each. Through methods of coding, constant comparative analysis, memoing, and explicit grounding processes, five overarching themes emerged from the data: intentionality, reflective processes, community of learning, perspective scaffolding, and moral reinforcement. These themes contributed to the emergence of a grounded theory: the theoretical model for moral reinforcement in learner-centered practice. Theoretical matching was used to compare the emergent theory with existing frameworks, which included research on learner-centered practice, morality of instruction and learning, andragogy, cognitivism and constructivism, and moral development theory. This study offers one interpretation of the findings, namely, that moral reinforcement is a possible outcome for adult learners in learner-centered practice. According to participants, moral reinforcement was a result of personal motivation and effort, reflection and consideration, peer collaboration and support, and perspective scaffolding. The findings fill a gap in current literature by describing the relationship of moral development, moral reasoning, and learner-centered practice in the context of adult learners. A better understanding of how learner-centered practice contributes to a learner’s moral development and moral reasoning has implications for lifelong learners and their learning, educators and their curriculum design, and higher education institutions attempting to meet society’s expectations to create a nation of learners.

Purpose The global aim of this paper is to provide managerial and theoretical contributions in order to guide retailers in their decision to invest in interactive storefront technology and to fill in the gaps in the literature in regards to the influence and the role of exterior atmospheric variables in brick-and-mortar retail experience. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of interactive technology in window displays and its influence on consumers’ affective responses, expected shopping experience and behavioural intentions at the point of sale. Design/methodology/approach The design of the study is founded in the presence (=1) vs absence (=0) of interactive technology in the window display. A partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS–SEM) approach is used to analyse the structural model and the correlations between the variables. Findings This paper finds that the technology has a significant influence on arousal, and that expected shopping experience has a significant influence on patronage intentions. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted on French individuals in a tourist bureau setting. The study should be replicated in other retail settings in order to improve the generalisation of the findings. Originality/value This study is the first to experimentally test the influence of an interactive storefront display in retailing. This paper also contributes to the retailing literature on exterior atmospheric variables.

Ionizing radiation induces molecular responses that may be used to estimate exposure when physical dosimeters are unavailable. Here we present two large-scale proteomics datasets generated from mouse dorsal skin punch samples collected following controlled X-ray exposures spanning multiple doses, dose rates, and post-exposure time points. Experiment 1 comprised 96 samples (including 16 reference samples) collected 6 days after exposure to 0-75 cGy delivered at either 30 or 300 cGy/min. Experiment 2 comprised 936 samples (including 236 reference samples) exposed to 0-100 cGy at either 3 or 28 cGy/min dose rates and harvested between 7 and 150 days post-exposure. All samples were processed using a standardized workflow involving automated bead-based digestion and data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The datasets include multiple pooled reference sample types, process controls, and system suitability standards ensuring high quality data. All data presented are available via ProteomeXchange at several levels of processing, from raw files through normalized peptide- and protein-level abundance matrices suitable for biomarker discovery and machine learning applications. This dataset will facilitate generation of new insights into the biological changes and molecular signatures resulting from X-ray exposure in mice and may also help inform future studies in humans.

Student agency is an important dimension of classroom literacy learning. Recent calls have emphasized the need to support student agency in literacy. Despite this interest, the field lacks a viable instrument that can be used to measure student agency with elementary students. The authors share the Student Agency Profile, a survey instrument that can measure student agency in literacy contexts. The authors provide insight into the validation process, which included 1,794 elementary students, and direction on how to administer, score, and interpret results. A central aim is to show how the survey can be used in practice while supporting teachers in their efforts to cultivate student agency in today's diverse classrooms.

Advertisings usually display thin bodies creating and endorsing the beauty standards of the society. Large body size models are sometimes featured in advertisings to show a more inclusive marketing communication. Previous researches have investigated consumer responses to more diverse body sizes in Beauty and Fashion industries ads. This paper aims at investigating advertisement effectiveness, for both print and digital advertisings, through consumer responses (Memorization, Aad, Ab, and Purchase Intention) to body sizes in food advertisements. We used a mixed design study with a between group factor (Media type: Print or Digital) and a within-subject variable (body shape: large, thin or no model), via a folder test procedure. Participants were exposed to a fictive magazine to measure their responses toward advertisements featuring large size model versus thin one. The findings reveal that “large model” advertisements are less effective compared to “thin model” advertisements for Memorization, Attitude towards Ad, and Purchasing Intention. However, participants expressed the same Attitude towards the Brand for both conditions. Moreover, hardly any significant influence of the means of exposure to ads (printed or digital) was found. Despite the latest consumer pertinacity trends on companies to adopt diversity for social reasons; consumers, of the food industry, are still better influenced by thin models when it comes to Memorization, Aad, and PI. Furthermore, this study offers practical and societal implications not only for the experimental design, but also for practitioners to comprehend and utilize the match‐up hypothesis of body size condition needed for their marketing and advertising objectives.

At the core of the recent global financial and economic crisis marked by its magnitude, credit risk turned out to be a powerful catalyst. The objective of this paper is mainly to follow up on the evolution of credit risk on the Jordanian market during the recent economic and financial international crisis. Based on the linear discriminant Z-Score model and KMV structural model, we recognize the increase in credit risk during the crisis period. On the whole, the confrontation between models highlights the robust correlation between the accounting results of a company and its market value and therefore indicates the need to consider the macroeconomic context in an open economy for the evaluation of the risk of credit.   JEL codes: E551, G3, C1