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The redox reactions occurring in the Li-S battery positive electrode conceal various and critical electrocatalytic processes, which strongly influence the performances of this electrochemical energy storage system. Here, we report the development of a single-dispersed molecular cluster catalyst composite comprising of a polyoxometalate framework ([Co 4 (PW 9 O 34 ) 2 ] 10− ) and multilayer reduced graphene oxide. Due to the interfacial charge transfer and exposure of unsaturated cobalt sites, the composite demonstrates efficient polysulfides adsorption and reduced activation energy for polysulfides conversion, thus serving as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. When tested in full Li-S coin cell configuration, the composite allows for a long-term Li-S battery cycling with a capacity fading of 0.015% per cycle after 1000 cycles at 2 C (i.e., 3.36 A g −1 ). An areal capacity of 4.55 mAh cm −2 is also achieved with a sulfur loading of 5.6 mg cm − 2 and E/S ratio of 4.5 μL mg −1 . Moreover, Li-S single-electrode pouch cells tested with the bifunctional electrocatalyst demonstrate a specific capacity of about 800 mAh g −1 at a sulfur loading of 3.6 mg cm −2 for 100 cycles at 0.2 C (i.e., 336 mA g −1 ) with E/S ratio of 5 μL mg −1 . Efficient electrochemical energy storage in Li-S batteries is hindered by sluggish sulfur redox reactions. Here, the authors propose a polyoxometalate/multilayer graphene composite as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for battery performance improvement.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is a promising technique for the direct conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels. Colloidal quantum dots with tunable band gap and versatile surface properties remain among the most prominent targets in photocatalysis despite their frequent toxicity, which is detrimental for environmentally friendly technological implementations. In the present work, all-inorganic sulfide-capped InP and InP/ZnS quantum dots are introduced as competitive and far less toxic alternatives for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in aqueous solution, reaching turnover numbers up to 128,000 based on quantum dots with a maximum internal quantum yield of 31%. In addition to the favorable band gap of InP quantum dots, in-depth studies show that the high efficiency also arises from successful ligand engineering with sulfide ions. Due to their small size and outstanding hole capture properties, sulfide ions effectively extract holes from quantum dots for exciton separation and decrease the physical and electrical barriers for charge transfer. While quantum dots show high efficiency solar-to-fuel conversion for renewable energy, the frequently toxic elements employed present severe safety concerns. Here, authors demonstrate indium phosphide quantum dots as low-toxicity alternatives alongside efficient hydrogen evolution photocatalysis.

Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability, which seriously affects the health and lives of people around the world. Effective treatment for ischemic stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Increasing evidence has indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in the occurrence, development, and pathological processes of ischemic stroke. Therefore, strict control of the quality and quantity of mitochondria via mitochondrial fission and fusion as well as mitophagy is beneficial to the survival and normal function maintenance of neurons. Under certain circumstances, excessive mitophagy also could induce cell death. This review discusses the dynamic changes and double-edged roles of mitochondria and related signaling pathways of mitophagy in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we focus on the possibility of modulating mitophagy as a potential therapy for the prevention and prognosis of ischemic stroke. Notably, we reviewed recent advances in the studies of natural compounds, which could modulate mitophagy and exhibit neuroprotective effects, and discussed their potential application in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Smart textiles consist of discrete devices fabricated from—or incorporated onto—fibres. Despite the tremendous progress in smart textiles for lighting/display applications, a large scale approach for a smart display system with integrated multifunctional devices in traditional textile platforms has yet to be demonstrated. Here we report the realisation of a fully operational 46-inch smart textile lighting/display system consisting of RGB fibrous LEDs coupled with multifunctional fibre devices that are capable of wireless power transmission, touch sensing, photodetection, environmental/biosignal monitoring, and energy storage. The smart textile display system exhibits full freedom of form factors, including flexibility, bendability, and rollability as a vivid RGB lighting/grey-level-controlled full colour display apparatus with embedded fibre devices that are configured to provide external stimuli detection. Our systematic design and integration strategies are transformational and provide the foundation for realising highly functional smart lighting/display textiles over large area for revolutionary applications on smart homes and internet of things (IoT). A large scale approach for multifunctional smart display systems in traditional textiles has yet to be demonstrated. Here, authors present a foldable, rollable 46-inch smart textile lighting/display system for smart homes and internet of things applications via the systematic design and integration of versatile fibre devices into textile form factors.

Faces are rich sources of social information, and their characteristics can help people to understand the society better. The outcomes of our most important social decisions depend on our ability to make accurate interferences about the inclinations, motivations and qualifications of others. People can make trait judgements about people within an extreme short amount of time. Some researchers have found that rapid and unreflective facial features judgements could be largely predictive in political election and other social events as well. Therefore, the research topic of this paper is the effect of the facia; Judgement on social decision-making outcomes. This paper will provide a review of the impact of face recognition on political elections and the biases that arise from facial inferences. These results imply that quick, straightforward binary ability evaluations are sufficient to forecast the results of political elections, and facial traits can bias human choices. The potential impact of faces of social decision-making can be explained by their ability to predict a series of important outcomes.

Super sulfate cement (SSC) serves as a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement, offering lower carbon emissions and superior performance. Magnesium oxide (MgO) and building gypsum (BG) were utilized as activators for granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and together they formed SSC, which was employed to stabilize the waste soft clay (SC). The mechanical strength development characteristics of solidified clay and the types of its hydration products were investigated through mechanical experiments, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests as well as microscopic experiments, such as X-ray diffraction tests and scanning electron microscopy tests. The mass ratios of GBFS, MgO, and BG were 8:2:0 (A2) and 6:2:2 (B1), respectively; these ratios were employed to stabilize the clay, resulting in solidified clay samples designated as S-A2 and S-B1. The UCS of S-B1 increased by 36.5% to 49.3% compared to S-A2 at the curing time from 7 to 91 days. The strength residual coefficients were 34.5% and 39.1% for S-A2 and S-B1, respectively, after ten wet–dry cycles. After soaking in sodium sulfate solution, the UCS of S-A2 and S-B1 decreased by 49.1% and 29.8%, respectively, compared to the unsoaked condition. The results of microscopic tests showed that the hydration products of S-B1 mainly included needle-like calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, flaky hydrothermal gel, and ettringite (AFt) crystals. BG promoted the formation of AFt, while MgO facilitated the generation of C-S-H gel. In this study, SSC was used to stabilize the waste clay, which provided a way for the application of waste SC and SSC.

The role of salidroside in colon cancer remains unknown. Here we show that salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside extracted from Rhodiola rosea, exhibited potent anti-proliferative properties in human colorectal cancer cells via inducing apoptosis and autophagy. We ascertained that salidroside exerts an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, salidroside induced cell apoptosis, accompanied by an increase of chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, and a decrease of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression ratio. We also found that salidroside induced autophagy, evidenced by increased LC3+ autophagic vacuoles, positive acridine orange-stained cells, enhanced conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, and elevation of Beclin-1. Treatment with autophagy-specific inhibitors [3-methyladenine (3-MA) and bafilomycin A1 (BA)] enhanced salidroside-induced apoptosis, indicating that salidroside-mediated autophagy may protect HT29 cells from undergoing apoptotic cell death. Additionally, salidroside decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR. Treatment with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 augmented the effects of salidroside on the expression of Akt and mTOR. These findings indicate that salidroside could suppress the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. This study may provide a rationale for future clinical application using salidroside as a chemotherapeutic agent for human colorectal cancer.

To conduct a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of Shenyankangfu tablets in combination with losartan potassium in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, and WeiPu for comparative studies on Shenyankangfu tablets in combination with losartan potassium in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. The search period runs from the establishment of the database until September 2021. Data extraction and quality evaluation were carried out on the documents that met the inclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis of the included literature was conducted using the RevMan5.3 software. A total of 17 randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included, with a total sample size of 1680 patients (841 patients in the study group and 839 in the control group). The effective rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group [RR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.16, 1.27), P < 0.00001]. In addition, 24-hour urine protein levels [SMD = -1.11, 95% CI (-1.40, -0.83), P < 0.00001], urine NAG enzyme [SMD = -0.99, 95% CI (-1.27, -0.72), P < 0.00001], leukotactin-1 [SMD = -2.43, 95% CI (-3.50, -1.35), P < 0.00001], and the incidence of adverse reactions [RR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.28, 0.66), P < 0.00001] were lower in the study group when compared to the control group. It is safer to treat chronic glomerulonephritis with Shyenyankangfu tablets in combination with losartan potassium. At the same time, it alleviates disease-related symptoms, reduces the influence of cytokine levels, and has fewer adverse reactions, making it more conducive to disease recovery. However, additional multi-center, randomized, control trials with large sample sizes must be conducted to confirm the findings.

Background Exposure to air pollution contributes to cardiovascular disease-related deaths and morbidity, including stroke. However, few studies have examined the global stroke burden linked to air pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the global stroke morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution from 1990 to 2021. Method With the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, the numbers, and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for air pollution-related stroke were reported globally. Further subgroup analyses were conducted by age, sex, region and country, and stroke subtypes. A linear regression model explored global temporal trends and a cluster analysis examined temporal trends across GBD regions. To predict trends until 2040, the age-period-cohort (APC) model and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model were applied. Results In 2021, there were 1,989,686 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 1,530,479-2,493,238) deaths and 44,962,167 (95% UI, 35,020,339 − 55,467,024) DALYs due to air pollution-related stroke. The ASRs increased with age, peaking generally over 85 years. Males, the Central African region, and Guinea-Bissau showed higher stroke burdens Intracerebral hemorrhage was the most lethal subtype, with an ASR of 11.69 (95% UI 8.94–14.69) for deaths and 276.93 (95% UI 212.21-344.36) for DALYs. From 1990 to 2021, the crude number of deaths and DALYs increased by 13.4% and 6.3%, respectively, for the global stroke burden but showed a declining trend when age-standardized. Most GBD regions in Asia and Africa experienced an increasing stroke burden linked to air pollution, while Europe and America showed a decreasing trend. Predictions indicated a gradual reduction in ASRs, with higher rates in males from 2020 to 2040. Conclusions The global stroke burden associated with air pollution remained significant despite a decreasing trend until 2021. Although future predictions suggested a reduction, the crude counts for stroke burden remained substantial, with significant regional disparities. This warranted the implementation of public health policies and ongoing efforts.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgolide Meglumine Injection (GMI) combined with Butylphthalide in the treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS), and provide reference for rational clinical medication. PubMed, Embase, Web of science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and other databases were searched for published studies on the treatment of AIS with GMI combined with Butylphthalide in both Chinese and English. The search period was from the establishment of the database to July 2023. The included studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. A total of 25 studies involving 2362 patients (experimental group = 1182, control group = 1180) were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group [RR = 1.21, 95% CI (1.16, 1.26), P< 0.00001]. In addition, compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvement in NIHSS score [SMD = -1.59, % CI (-2.00-1.18), P< 0.00001] and ADL score [SMD = 2.12, 95% CI (1.52, -2.72), P<0.00001], significant decrease in CRP [SMD = -2.24, 95% CI (-3.31, -1.18), P<0.0001] and TNF-α [SMD = -2.74, 95% CI (-4.45, -1.03), P< 0.005] levels, and improvement in plasma viscosity [SMD = -0.86, 95% CI (-1.07, -0.66), P< 0.00001]. However, the influence on homocysteine level remains inconclusive. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [SMD = 0.95, 95% CI (0.71, 1.28), P> 0.05]. GMI combined with Butylphthalide shows good clinical application effects and good safety in the treatment of AIS. However, more large-sample, multicenter, randomized controlled are needed to confirm these findings.