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· Why are some kids magnets for bullying?· Why do gay teens commit suicide four times as frequently as \"straight\" teens? · Why do we have more men and women in prison than any other country in the world?· Why are school shootings and acts of domestic terrorism on the rise? What could possibly be the theme that ties all of these questions together, which provides a window into so many aspects of the darker aspects of human behavior? In a word, shame.

The first essay of this dissertation is a review of the literature from leading management journals on product exploration (i.e., a firm’s creation of new products different from those in its existing product portfolio). This review shows a strong base of studies on the antecedents and consequences of product exploration, although the latter has received comparatively less attention. It further reveals five opportunities for future research, two of which motivate the second and third essays of this dissertation. The first of the two opportunities that I focus on is determining how the elements that lead to product exploration operate through the new product development process. The second is to identify whether and when exploratory products are riskier than exploitative products.In the second essay, we extend research on technological exploration as an antecedent to product exploration. Prior research shows that firms can improve their technological exploration through their organizational structure, particularly by implementing structural separation. We consider the downstream effects of structural separation as firms turn technological exploration into product exploration, which requires the difficult translation of technological inventions into commercial products. As a baseline, we predict that technological exploration increases a firm’s product exploration rate. However, we also predict that the delicate transition from technological exploration to product exploration is impeded by barriers stemming from structural separation. We identify three types of structural separation - divisional compartmentalization, geographic dispersion, and internal network fragmentation - as barriers that weaken the baseline relationship. An empirical analysis in the American medical devices industry provides robust support for our hypotheses. The findings of this study contribute to the literatures on ambidexterity, organizational exploration, and organizational R&D structures.In the third essay, we advance research on the performance implications of product exploration. New product introductions can be a source of firm renewal and growth or precipitate a firm’s downfall. We use the concepts of exploration-exploitation and second-order learning from the organizational learning literature to explain this variability. We predict that exploratory products have more variable performance outcomes than exploitative products. This is because they have the potential for superior effectiveness or to create new lines of business, but they also require costly organizational changes and increase the likelihood of mistakes. Further, we hypothesize that this effect is augmented if the product also addresses a new-to-the-firm market segment and is attenuated when the firm has greater experience in marketing exploratory products. Using a large-scale study on stock market reactions to the FDA approval of new medical devices between 2000 and 2015, we find partial support for our hypotheses. The findings of this study contribute to the literatures on organizational learning, new product introductions, and market reactions to strategic actions

Responses to the rampage killings at Columbine High School were analyzed at the national level, the level of the community, and that of the family. In many cases people responded by undertaking \"grief projects\" involving manipulation of symbols, either in the creation of artwork, the decoration of existing structures, on internet websites, and in the raising (and occasional destruction) of memorial objects. Many of these projects were undertaken together to create a community of bereavement. It is suggested that these projects are best understood within the context of Worden's task model of mourning (Worden, 1991), particularly task three, \"Adjusting to an environment in which the deceased is missing.\" The differences between mourning sudden death and anticipated death are also explored.

Social workers often work in settings, such as hospitals, schools, prisons, nursing homes, and mental health facilities, where other professions exert a higher level of control because of their number, their historical precedence, or their professional status. The interdisciplinary conflicts that arise may be difficult to resolve. The organizational literature on causes of conflict and conflict resolution is briefly reviewed. A case study of a newly opened school-based health center provides an opportunity to analyze conflicts between the school and health center personnel and demonstrates how they were finally resolved.

Fast discusses the social workers' concerns on the abuses resulting from drug companies paying private practice doctors to refer patients as experimental subjects. He received a letter urging him to investigate a New England medical school clinic offering assessment and treatment for teenagers who might be at risk for developing mental illness. The letter was sent to social workers, including a symptom list to help identify which client was appropriate for treatment. They were also offered $400 for every client referred and accepted into the study.