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This study aims to elucidate the impact of the food industry on economic growth during the period from 2005 to 2022 in Algeria, using the simultaneous integration test in small samples and the Bootstrapping ARDL model (BARDL). The results of the empirical study reveal a long-term equilibrium relationship between economic growth, the food industry, and exports from the food industry. To correct deviations, it requires a speed of 0.91%, equivalent to approximately two years. The study also demonstrates that the food industry significantly influences economic growth, as represented by the Gross Domestic Product.

Work-related stress is a major problem in many countries and different types of workplace, resulting in illness, psychosomatic and psychosocial disorders and reduced productivity, among other things. Recent BIT surveys (2016) indicate that there are a series of generally applicable checkpoints for studying and reducing stress in the workplace (SWP). In order to detect these stress factors and measure their impact, we adopted this measurement scale in an empirical study of employees at Tizi-Ouzou University Hospital. The results validated the causal relationship between the dimensions of the SWP model, and showed that work-related demands, protection against offensive behavior and recognition at work all significantly distressed CHU staff.

The biosorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by leaf residues of Thymus numidicus (RTN), Origanum glandulosum (ROG) and Sapindus mukorossi pericarp fibre (SMPF) was investigated in batch experiments. The effects of contact time, initial MB concentration, pH and biomass dosage on the biosorption capacity were investigated. Moreover, kinetic and equilibrium models were used to fit the experimental data. Equilibrium data were analysed using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Results show that the adsorption capacity increases until equilibrium is reached after 10 min of contact time. Furthermore, the amount of MB adsorbed per gram of biosorbent increases with pH in the pH range 2–5 but tends to decrease with pH in the pH range 7–10. Under optimal conditions, equilibrium sorption data are accurately represented by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results show that the Langmuir model best describes the adsorption of methylene blue on the three biosorbents. At neutral pH and ambient temperature, the maximum adsorption capacities reached are 24.2, 33.3 and 41 mg of MB per gram of biosorbent, respectively, for SMPF, ROG and RTN. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic with residues of ROG and SMPF but exothermic with RTN. Our results clearly reveal that RTN, ROG and SMPF act as effective adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.