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"Fishman, Andrea"
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Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: The Multiple Realities of American Schools
An ethnographer given the opportunity to observe the teaching process in an Amish one-room school and in a mainstream public school later realized that her preconceived ideas about the differences between the two school cultures were false.
Journal Article
Finding Ways In: Redefining Multicultural Literature
Describes an experience during classroom discussion of Alice Walker's \"Roselily\" that led a teacher to revise her understanding of multiculturalism. Defines three problematic yet popular approaches to understanding the differences in culture in the United States and then presents a fourth approach that encourages students to see themselves and others as representing many cultures individually and collectively. (TB)
Journal Article
Literacy and Cultural Context: A Lesson from the Amish
It is contended that literacy is not a monolithic state or condition but a culturally determined & defined one, the culture in which individuals grow up implicitly teaching them what it does & does not mean to be literate. Because of this, becoming literate is not simply a matter of being taught & being willing to learn but a matter of being enculturated. This means that when children confront a school or a teacher whose definition of literacy differs from the one they bring from home & from their community, doing what the teacher or school demands becomes not a simple act of obedience but an act of faith, loyalty, & commitment, an act central to each child's sense of who he is, what he is, & where, with whom, & to whom he belongs. This point is made through the case of a six-year-old Old Order Amish boy, who knew what it meant to be literate long before he went to school. He had important beliefs about literacy & its role in life; when he got to school, those ideas & beliefs were supported & reinforced. Yet his notions of what it means to be literate were not coherent with those of many mainstream Americans. What would have happened had he gone to a public school rather than an Amish one offers an interesting exercise in worst case literacy scenarios. 4 References. Modified AA
Journal Article
One Person's Opinion: Blinded by the Light
English teachers who attempt to broaden the curriculum by including \"multiculturaL\" literature frequently run into opposition from students. Fishman discusses how to show students the light on the issue.
Journal Article
Worlds Together, Worlds Apart
Compares pedagogical practices in an eighth-grade middle school classroom with those a of one-room Amish school studied in an earlier work. Taken together, the two settings suggest that one must seek \"the present status and performance of the U.S. education system\" not in the usual indicators, but in the contradictory beliefs and assumptions of people in classrooms. (MLH)
Journal Article
Finding ways in: Redefining multicultural language
Multiculturalism allows students to recognize and affirm that people are different. Fishman discusses approaches to multiculturalism and gives guidelines about what literature should be chosen to ensure a course achieves its goals.
Journal Article