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Background Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is a starting point that lays the foundation for breastfeeding and bonding between mother and baby. Meanwhile, working mothers are one of the vulnerable groups for the success of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The study analyzed the role of EIBF on EBF among Indonesian working mothers. Methods The cross-sectional study examined secondary data from the 2021 Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey. The study analyzed 4,003 respondents. We examined EBF practice as an outcome variable and EIBF as an exposure variable. We included nine control variables (residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight). All variables were assessed by questionnaire. The study employed a binary logistic regression test in the last stage. Results The result showed that the proportion of EBF among working mothers in Indonesia in 2021 was 51.9%. Based on EIBF, Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were 2.053 times more likely than those without to perform EBF ( p  < 0.001; AOR 2.053; 95% CI 2.028–2.077). Moreover, the study also found control variables related to EBF in Indonesia: residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight. Conclusion The study concluded that EIBF was related to EBF. Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were two times more likely than those without to perform EBF. The government needs to release policies that strengthen the occurrence of EIBF in working mothers to increase EBF coverage.

Background Adolescent girls might suffer physical and psychological harm from early marriage. Meanwhile, a good education can make women more independent in making decisions for their good. The study analyzes the role of education level in early marriage among adolescents in Indonesia’s rural areas. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 4,360 respondents. It used early marriage as an outcome variable, education level as an exposure variable, and six control variables (age, employment, socioeconomic status, age of the first sexual intercourse, access to family planning (FP) information from print media, and access to FP from electronic media). The study used a binary logistics regression in the final test. Results The study shows that the average early marriage among adolescent girls in Indonesia’s rural areas was 11.9%. Teenage girls in elementary school were 448.926 times more likely than college girls to experience early marriage (AOR 448.926; 95% CI 36.384-5539.050). Meanwhile, adolescent girls in junior high school were 146.171 times more likely to experience early marriage than college girls (AOR 146.171; 95% CI 13.140-1625.997). Moreover, adolescent girls in senior high school were 21.355 times more likely than those in college to perform an early marriage (AOR 21.355; 95% CI 2.017-226.067). Conclusions The study concluded that education level had a role in early marriage in Indonesia’s rural areas. The higher the education, the lower the probability of experiencing early marriage.

Tooth decay is a dental condition characterized by the deterioration of tooth tissue originating from the outer surface and progressing to the pulp. Severe tooth decay, evolving into cavities, necessitates timely intervention to avert more serious dental-health issues. Common treatment procedures include filling and extraction of affected teeth. Presently, dentists conduct examinations for tooth decay by manually tallying affected, missing and filled teeth using an odontogram—a human tooth code diagram. This data is then recorded in patients' dental medical records. Recognizing the need for automation in assessing patients' experiences of tooth decay, this research endeavors to develop a model capable of detecting decayed, missing and filled teeth using variations of the YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 model architectures. The results of the training evaluation demonstrate the efficacy of YOLOv5l with a learning rate of 10-2, exhibiting a high precision value of 0.97, a recall of 0.858 and a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.904 within 1 hour and 18 minutes. According to the curves obtained in the training process, YOLOv5l shows great performance on the dental caries dataset, but precautions like early stopping are needed for a reliable and generalizable model. In contrast, YOLOv8 offers better training stability and larger variants perform better on the dental caries dataset, improving detection capabilities with continued training epochs.

During the pandemic or natural disaster, people will be dispersed and locked down in their own homes or crisis centres. During these times, people are still in need of access to healthcare. While general healthcare would be provided by the government during these times, certain people within the population will need access to specialised doctors, especially children, the elderly and people who have prior or long-term diseases. During a disaster, people may not have access to these services. Therefore, a simple technology that lets them book an appointment with these specialised doctors will be designed in this research. This booking application, will be able to back up the general healthcare when it is overwhelmed, especially during a disaster. This research was carried out using qualitative research. The data collection was conducted using interview and observation. These primary data are then coded according to the general themes. The data is then used to create a usable design for the booking application prototype, using User-Centred Design as its method. After the prototype was created successfully, it was then tested for its usability with its potential users. 6 people from 3 user groups agreed to be respondents for the usability testing. Using think aloud protocols, it was found that on average 4 out of 6 people found the prototype usable and suitable for their jobs.

Background/Aims: Growth barriers mostly occur in children before reaching the age of 2 years, that is, in the most important period for the process of growth and development of children. Factors that cause growth restriction in this period, among others, are related to the practice of complementary feeding (CF) which is low in quality and quantity. Efforts to improve the quality of CF can be done through diversifying potential foodstuffs. This article will expose about the nutrients content of the development CF made from a mixture of rice flour, 'awak' banana, red beans and herbal chicken feet. Methods: This study was conducted using a completely randomized design to determine the nutrients content of CF formulas: 1) the formula TBKC, which was a mixture of rice flour (30%), red bean flour and herbal chicken feet (40%), and carrots (5%)); 2) the formula TBPKC, which was a mixture of rice flour and 'awak' bananas (30%), red bean flour and herbal chicken feet (40%), and carrots (5%). Results: The results showed TBPKC and TBKC formula have a water contents 4.36% and 4.22%, protein 14.47% and 14.34%, fat 9.93% and 11.03%, carbohydrates 61.52% and 58.74%, energy 388.57 kcal and 387.14 kcal, vitamin A 270.28 μg and 330.36 μg, Ca 1.55% and 1.1%, P 0.69% and 0.59%, Fe 17.06 mg and 20.88 mg, Zn 5.9 mg and 6.0 mg. The nutrients content in the TBKC and TBPKC formulas were in accordance with the provisions stated in BPOM Regulation No. 1 of 2018, However, based on the ratio of Ca/P TBKC formula does not qualify.

The management quality of a cafe really needs to be maintained. This is considering that Cafe is one of the fast-growing and promising businesses. This research was conducted in the city of Pematangsiantar. The development of cafes in Pematangsiantar has not been accompanied by developments in modern technology. This makes customers still feel confused and need information to decide to visit a cafe that is in accordance with their wishes. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in choosing the dominant factor in determining the best cafe factor based on consumers from a number of assessment criteria. Researchers used 8 assessment criteria including: (C1) reliability, (C2) responses, (C3) tangible, (C4) certainty, (C5) security, (C6) ease, (C7) credibility, and (C8) understanding needs. The questionnaire assessment was carried out using 7 alternative cafes among 339, A +, Kok Tong, Coffee Cups, Coffee Time, Eldivo and Indis Cafe. The results of the questionnaire were processed and calculated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results of the study showed that (C1) reliability with vector eigenvalues (0.231) as the first, second and third rank (C6) Ease with vector eigenvalue (0.141) and (C2) responses with vector eigenvalue (0.130). It is hoped that this research can provide input to the owner in creating a decent cafe atmosphere to be a family gathering place..

Jawa Tengah is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has high agricultural productivity. That way, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in Jawa Tengah Province in 2022. The method used to calculate population pressure and the carrying capacity of agricultural land is the Soemarwoto method which is suitable for local conditions and can assess the factors that affect the level of carrying capacity of land in an area. Jawa Tengah Province has a carrying capacity of agricultural land of 1.43. The value of population pressure in Jawa Tengah Province with a dominance of less than 1 indicates that districts/cities in Jawa Tengah Province are dominated by the carrying capacity of high agricultural land. The high rate of population growth and not accompanied by an area of land capable of supporting the needs of the population can be a threat to the availability of sustainable agricultural land.

Background: Anti-angiogenic medications, one of cancer chemo preventive mechanism were permitted for different cancers. Nevertheless, major primary and secondary resistance obstruct efficacy in several tumor types. Moreover, the improvement of safe and effective NSAIDs for angiogenesis inhibition is complicated, because of their serious toxicity. So, we require improving clinically appropriate strategies to boost efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs with low risk of toxicity. Objectives: The present study aimed to synthesize the (E)-3- (3-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid (3MPCA), to determine the anti-angiogenic activity and predict its toxicity. Methods: 3MPCA was obtained by Knoevenagel reaction using microwave irradiation at 400 Watt. The anti-angiogenesis experimental was performed using chorioallantois membrane of embryonated chicken eggs induced by b-FGF. The potency of 3MPCA was verified at dosage 30 and 60 ng and compared with celecoxib 60 ng. Toxicity prediction of 3MPCA was performed by ProTox II online program. Results: The results showed that 3MPCA was achieved in good yield (89%). Anti angogenic activity was showed by endothelial cells growth in neovascular capillaries of new blood vessel of chorioallantois membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. The endothelial cells growth decreased until 41.7-83%. The prediction LD50 was 1772mg/kg. Conclusion: (E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)propenoic acid can be obtained through Knovenagel reaction using microwave irradiation and it has potential as anti-angiogenesis inhibitor with low toxicity.