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A bstract Results of searches for heavy stable charged particles produced in pp collisions at = 7 and 8 TeV are presented corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb −1 and 18.8 fb −1 , respectively. Data collected with the CMS detector are used to study the momentum, energy deposition, and time-of-flight of signal candidates. Leptons with an electric charge between e /3 and 8 e , as well as bound states that can undergo charge exchange with the detector material, are studied. Analysis results are presented for various combinations of signatures in the inner tracker only, inner tracker and muon detector, and muon detector only. Detector signatures utilized are long time-of-flight to the outer muon system and anomalously high (or low) energy deposition in the inner tracker. The data are consistent with the expected background, and upper limits are set on the production cross section of long-lived gluinos, scalar top quarks, and scalar τ leptons, as well as pair produced long-lived leptons. Corresponding lower mass limits, ranging up to 1322 GeV/ c 2 for gluinos, are the most stringent to date.

The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/ c charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1 ± 0.6 % and 84.1 ± 0.6 %, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation.

DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.

The Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries perform reconstruction of neutrino interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, which will operate four large-scale liquid argon time projection chambers at the far detector site in South Dakota, producing high-resolution images of charged particles emerging from neutrino interactions. While these high-resolution images provide excellent opportunities for physics, the complex topologies require sophisticated pattern recognition capabilities to interpret signals from the detectors as physically meaningful objects that form the inputs to physics analyses. A critical component is the identification of the neutrino interaction vertex. Subsequent reconstruction algorithms use this location to identify the individual primary particles and ensure they each result in a separate reconstructed particle. A new vertex-finding procedure described in this article integrates a U-ResNet neural network performing hit-level classification into the multi-algorithm approach used by Pandora to identify the neutrino interaction vertex. The machine learning solution is seamlessly integrated into a chain of pattern-recognition algorithms. The technique substantially outperforms the previous BDT-based solution, with a more than 20% increase in the efficiency of sub-1 cm vertex reconstruction across all neutrino flavours.

BackgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFI) have a substantial morbidity and mortality, and their incidence has steadily increased over the past 20 years due to the increase in immunocompromised patients. The complex medical care, the expensive treatments and the emergence of antifungal resistance require appropriate prescribing.PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the conformity of antifungal prescribing to local and international guidelines for the treatment of IFI in a teaching hospital and to compare with similar studies.Material and methodsProspective study was performed in six wards (paediatric oncology, haematology and intensive care units) that accounted for 90% of the antifungal consumption at our facility. The study was performed between April and May of 2018. A multidisciplinary group produced a grid for prescription compliance in accordance with the local and international guidelines from the European Conference on Infections Leukaemia and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The prescriptions were reviewed by two pharmacists.ResultsEighty-seven prescriptions were analysed for 79 patients. Treatments were prescribed for prophylaxis (n=29), empirical therapy (n=22), pre-emptive therapy (n=14) and targeted therapy (n=22). On average, the patients had three risk factors for IFI and 21 patients (24.1%) were deceased. The antifungal treatments were in keeping with the local guidelines for 63 prescriptions (72.4%) and with the international guidelines for 57 prescriptions (65.5%). The guidelines issued within the facility closely follow these international guidelines. The most common inappropriate use was an antifungal prescription of second- or third-line while the first-line antifungal therapy was an option (14.9%), typically by an azole. Another cause of misuse was the non-compliance with antifungal prophylaxis indications (9.2%), leading to unnecessary exposure to antifungal agents.ConclusionFew studies to date have assessed the appropriate use of antifungals. In the studies published to date with a similar methodology, compliance with the international guidelines has been reported to be between 34%1 and 58%2. A multidisciplinary antifungal group was implemented to curb IFI and to improve the use of antifungals. In this context, guidelines were updated in the form of decision algorithms that, once adopted as a guide, should be able to improve practices.3References and/or acknowledgements1. https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/67/10/2506/7270742. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0755498214002565?via%3Dihub3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0399077X14000262No conflict of interest.

The nuclear modification factors of J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons are measured in PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN=5.02TeV. The analysis is based on PbPb and pp data samples collected by CMS at the LHC in 2015, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 464μb-1 and 28pb-1, respectively. The measurements are performed in the dimuon rapidity range of |y|<2.4 as a function of centrality, rapidity, and transverse momentum (pT ) from pT=3GeV/c in the most forward region and up to 50GeV/c. Both prompt and nonprompt (coming from b hadron decays) J/ψ mesons are observed to be increasingly suppressed with centrality, with a magnitude similar to the one observed at sNN=2.76TeV for the two J/ψ meson components. No dependence on rapidity is observed for either prompt or nonprompt J/ψ mesons. An indication of a lower prompt J/ψ meson suppression at pT>25GeV/c is seen with respect to that observed at intermediate pT. The prompt ψ(2S) meson yield is found to be more suppressed than that of the prompt J/ψ mesons in the entire pT range.

The normalised differential top quark-antiquark production cross section is measured as a function of the jet multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7[Formula: see text] at the LHC with the CMS detector. The measurement is performed in both the dilepton and lepton+jets decay channels using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0[Formula: see text]. Using a procedure to associate jets to decay products of the top quarks, the differential cross section of the [Formula: see text] production is determined as a function of the additional jet multiplicity in the lepton+jets channel. Furthermore, the fraction of events with no additional jets is measured in the dilepton channel, as a function of the threshold on the jet transverse momentum. The measurements are compared with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics and no significant deviations are observed.

A search for heavy, right-handed neutrinos, [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), and right-handed [Formula: see text] bosons, which arise in the left-right symmetric extensions of the standard model, has been performed by the CMS experiment. The search was based on a sample of two lepton plus two jet events collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8[Formula: see text] corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 [Formula: see text]. For models with strict left-right symmetry, and assuming only one [Formula: see text] flavor contributes significantly to the [Formula: see text] decay width, the region in the two-dimensional [Formula: see text] mass plane excluded at a 95 % confidence level extends to approximately [Formula: see text] and covers a large range of neutrino masses below the [Formula: see text] boson mass, depending on the value of [Formula: see text]. This search significantly extends the [Formula: see text] exclusion region beyond previous results.