Explore the vast range of titles available.

This study investigates the structural, optical, dielectric, and electromagnetic absorption properties of spinel-structured Mg–ZnAl2O4 synthesized through a sol–gel technique. The structural analysis confirmed the presence of various phases, including MgO, ZnO, ZnAl2O4, and MgAl2O4, with an average crystallite size of approximately 88 nm. The material demonstrated a reflection loss of −71 dB at 14.02 GHz, indicating its potential for effective microwave absorption, with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.66 GHz at a thickness of 5 mm. The optical band gap was determined to be 3.19 eV, lower than that of ZnAl2O4 and MgAl2O4, suggesting enhanced microwave absorption capabilities. Dielectric characterization revealed a range of dielectric constants from 3.09 to 6.31 across the frequency range of 8 to 18 GHz. These findings highlight the promising application of Mg–ZnAl2O4 in microwave absorption technologies due to its favorable structural and electromagnetic properties.

Amorphous SnO–Sb 2 O 3 –SiO 2 glass anode prepared by simple mechanical ball milling method. Physical and electrochemical properties of prepared glass anode identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Amorphous nature of SnO–Sb 2 O 3 –SiO 2 60 h of ball-milled glass anode confirmed by XRD technique. The glass anode showed excellent electrochemical performance up to 100 cycles in the voltage range between 0 and 3.0 V. Cycle performance tests showed that the anode delivered a specific discharge and charge capacity of 782 and 654 mAh g −1 with 100% columbic efficiency about 100 cycles at 0.5 C rate. Its shows ~ 99% capacity retention even at a high-capacity rate of 5 C with a current density of 258 mAh g −1 . The EIS spectroscopy revealed that the charge transfer resistance ( R ct ) decreasing to an increasing cycle number which ascribed to superior conductivity of glass anode. This research contributed to the development of a large-scale preparation procedure for high-performance SnO–Sb 2 O 3 –SiO 2 glass anode materials for use in Na-ion batteries.

The hydrothermal treatment was used to create a natural hierarchical bio-inspired carbon and nitrogen-doped C/N/TiO2 hybrid composite. It is the goal of this work to investigate the photocatalytic activity of bio-inspired C/N/TiO2 hybrid composite. Techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to explore the structural, morphological, and photocatalysis characteristics of the bio-inspired C/N/TiO2 hybrid composite. By doping carbon and nitrogen, TiO2 nanotubes were able to improve the photocatalyst properties of the C/N/TiO2 hybrid composite, decrease the energy band gap (∼2.55 eV), and result in increased electron transfer efficiency when compared to pure TiO2. The photocatalytic degradation of pollutants (rhodamine B (RhB)) is made possible by the use of a bio-inspired C/N/TiO2 hybrid composite that has high interconnectivity and an easily accessible surface.

Environmental contamination is a major global concern. Organic dyes pose a significant threat as water pollutants, leading to the depletion of natural resources. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), a type of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide, has gained considerable attention due to its impressive properties, such as stability, surface area, and tunable interlayer spacing. It has emerged as a promising material for both photocatalytic degradation and adsorption of harmful organic dyes. This article provides an overview of recent advancements in MoS 2 -based nanomaterials for the removal of organic dyes from solutions through adsorption and photocatalytic processes. The review delves into the fundamental properties of MoS 2 , explores various synthesis methods, and various modifications of the material to enhance its dye removal efficiency, and addresses potential challenges associated with its application in this field. Furthermore, the article discusses the prospects for improving MoS 2 -based materials for enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. Graphical abstract

SnO–V2O5–SiO2 glass anode sample prepared by simple a mechanical milling technique. The amorphous nature of sample identified using with XRD technique. This glass anode has an initial charge capacity of 560 mAhg−1 and discharge capacity of 483 mAhg−1. After 20 charge–discharge cycles, charge and discharge capacities achieved to be 389 and 379 mAhg−1 at 0.1C, respectively. The loss in discharge capacity is up to ~ 45.22% even at high rate 5C.

In recent years, the use of natural materials for various applications has become increasingly popular due to the growing awareness of the environmental impact of man-made materials and the need to find cost-effective solutions for different applications. This study presents a new method to analyze the microwave absorption properties of dried and sintered Bael (Aegle marmelos) leaves, using 3D printed hollow rectangular polylactic acid (PLA) tubes. This innovative approach allows for a more precise investigation of the absorption properties of the leaves, providing valuable insights into their potential microwave-absorbing materials applications. The results of the VNA (vector network analyzer) test showed that a 9-mm thickness of dried Bael leaves exhibited excellent reflection losses of − 28.64 dB at 11.35 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.20 GHz below − 10 dB in the X-band region. In addition, when the amount of powder in the dried and sintered Bael leaves samples was varied while being tested using 3D PLA tubes, the results revealed that both samples had good microwave absorption performance. The dried sample had an EAB of 2.75 GHz, while the sintered sample had a comparable EAB of 2.55 GHz with 6 × 10 PLA tubes. This suggests that the Bael leaves along with PLA are more effective at absorbing microwaves than other materials.Graphic Abstract

This research article investigates the microwave absorption properties of spinel-structured nanocomposites [(Mg–Zn) 1− x Mn x Al 2 O 4 with x  = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2] prepared through a sol–gel technique. Advanced analytical methods, including XRD, FESEM, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, were employed to analyze the physical and structural characteristics of the prepared nanocomposites, which confirm the presence of ZnO, MgO, ZnAl 2 O 4 , MgAl 2 O 4 , and MnAl 2 O 4 phases. FESEM reveals the spherical, rigid nanocrystal morphology with agglomeration. These nanocomposites display a bandgap ranging from 3.13 to 2.85 eV and exhibit varying dielectric properties and conductivities within the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. At x  = 0.1 magnesium zinc aluminate exhibits a maximum reflection loss of −83.85 dB at 12.05 GHz with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.82 GHz, while the same sample shows the 4.82 GHz EAB at 5 mm thickness. Additionally, x  = 0.05 nanocomposite at 5 mm thickness showed 4.32 GHz EAB with a maximum reflection loss of −71.35 dB at 14.91 GHz, and x  = 0.15 nanocomposite showing an EAB of 4.16 GHz at 4.5 mm thickness. On the other hand, x  = 0.2 nanocomposite shows the lowest EAB of 3.04 GHz at 7.5 mm thickness which covers both X and Ku bands.

In this study, we report a simple, cost-effective technique to absorb electromagnetic (EM) waves using Ramphal ( Annona reticulata ) leaves ash. The structural and physical characterization of the ash powder was performed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The structural analysis results confirmed the presence of elemental composites of CaO, CaCO 3 , KCl, MgO, SiO 2 , C, and P in the Ramphal leaves ash powder. As part of the electromagnetic wave absorption studies, a vector network analyzer was used along with 3D-printed poly lactic acid (PLA) blocks to mount the powder Ramphal leaves ash powder to facilitate the absorption of EM waves. The results show that the bare Ramphal leaves ash at a thickness of 7 mm provides the high Reflection Loss (RL max ) of − 42.87 dB at 11.60 GHz. In addition, Ramphal ash combined with the 3D-printed block shows an RL max of − 22.43 dB at 11.41 GHz with an absorption bandwidth of 2.48 GHz in the X-Band region. Furthermore, computational simulation results show that Ramphal leaves at a thickness of 9.5 mm provide an RL max of − 66.36 dB at 11.41 GHz with a 100% effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). This demonstrates the potential for using Ramphal leaves ash for the absorption of EM waves.

Context In this study, we have developed four new chromophores (TM1–TM4) and performed quantum chemical calculations to explore their nonlinear optical properties. Our focus was on understanding the impact of electron-donating substituents on 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative chromophores. The natural bond orbital analysis confirmed the interactions between donors and acceptors as well as provided insights into intramolecular charge transfer. We also estimated dipole moment, linear polarizability molecular electrostatic potential, UV–visible spectra, and first hyperpolarizability. Our results revealed that TM1 with a strong and stable electron-donating group exhibited high first hyperpolarizability ( β ) 293,679.0178 × 10 −34 esu. Additionally, TM1 exhibited a dipolar moment ( μ ) of 5.66 Debye and polarizability ( α ) of 110.62 × 10 −24 esu when measured in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. Furthermore, in a benzene solvent, TM1 showed a low energy band gap of 5.33 eV by using the ωB97XD functional with a 6–311 +  + G(d, p) basis set. Moreover, our study of intramolecular charge transfers highlighted N, N dimethyl triphenylamine and carbazole as major electron-donating groups among the four 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative chromophores. This research illustrates the potential applications of these organic molecules in photonics due to their versatile nature. Methods The molecules were individually optimized using different functionals, including APFD, B3LYP, CAM B3LYP, and ωB97XD combined with the 6–311 +  + G (d, p) basis set in Gaussian 16 software. These methods encompass long-range functionals such as APFD and B3LYP, along with long-range corrected functionals like CAM B3LYP and ωB97XD. The employed functionals of APFD, B3LYP, CAM B3LYP, and ωB97XD with the 6–311 +  + G (d,p) basis set were used to extract various properties such as geometrical structures, dipole moment, molecular electrostatic potential, and first hyperpolarizability through precise density functional theory (DFT). Additionally, TD-DFT was utilized for obtaining UV–visible spectra. All studies have been conducted in both gas and solvent phases.

Many organic chromophores possess excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. In spite of this, the performance of these chromophores in second-order nonlinear optical applications is limited due to the high symmetry and short dipole moment of the parent molecules, which can lead to a weak response or high susceptibility to molecular orientation dependency. To address this challenge, we designed a series of new [1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazole derivative chromophores C1–C7 and studied their second-order NLO property through density functional theory (DFT) by substitution of different donor functional groups. To this end, several hybrid functionals such as B3LYP/6–311 +  + G (d, p), CAM B3LYP/6–311 +  + G (d, p), and ωB97XD/6–311 +  + G (d, p) were employed to carry out quantum chemical calculations, which included calculations and evaluations of frequency-dependent dipole moment, linear polarizability, and first hyperpolarizability values. In addition, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism, electronic charge density analysis, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and vertical energy transitions are studied with time-independent and time-dependent level density functional theory. The results demonstrate that C7 is the most efficient chromophore among the other chromophores investigated, with a significant first hyperpolarizability value of 105,032.98 × 10 −34 . This study provides insights into how to design second-order NLO active organic chromophores with better performance for optoelectronic applications.