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"Gao, Di"
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Jie neng jian zhu = Sustainable & green building
Ben shu jiang shu le jie neng jian zhu zai ban gong shang ye jie de ti xian he yun yong, Bing li ju ma de li ke kou ke le gong si zong bu, Ha xi xin qu fa zhan da sha, Rui shi lian bang shui zi yuan yan jiu zhong xin ban gong da lou, Du lin qu di fang fa yuan deng jian zhu shi li jin xing fen xi.
BOOK
Impacts of the Microclimate of a Large Urban Park on Its Surrounding Built Environment in the Summertime
The cooling effect of green spaces as an ecological solution to mitigate urban climate change is well documented. However, the factors influencing the microclimate in the built environment around forest parks, diurnal variations of their impact and their degree of importance have not been explicitly addressed. We attempted to quantify how much various landscape parameters, including land cover and spatial location, impact the ambient air and surface temperature in the area around Beijing’s Olympic Forest Park. Data were taken along strategically located traverses inside and outside the park. We found: (1) The air temperature during the day was 1.0–3.5 °C lower in the park than in the surrounding area; the surface temperature was 1.7–4.8 °C lower; air humidity in the park increased by 8.7–15.1%; and the human comfort index reduced to 1.8–6.9, all generating a more comfortable thermal environment in the park than in the surrounding area. (2) The distance to the park and the green space ratio of the park’s surrounding area are significant factors for regulating its microclimate. A 1 km increase in distance to the park caused the temperature to increase by 0.83 °C; when the green space ratio increased by 10%, the temperature dropped by 0.16 °C on average. The impact of these two parameters was more obvious in the afternoon than in the middle of the day or in the morning. The green space ratio could be used for designing a more stable thermal environment. (3) Land cover affects surface temperature more than it does air temperature. Our data suggest that an urban plan with an even distribution of green space would provide the greatest thermal comfort.
Journal Article
De novo biosynthesis of antiarrhythmic alkaloid ajmaline
The antiarrhythmic drug ajmaline is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) isolated from the Ayurvedic plant
Rauvolfia serpentina
(Indian Snakeroot). Research into the biosynthesis of ajmaline and another renowned MIA chemotherapeutic drug vinblastine has yielded pivotal advancements in the fields of plant specialized metabolism and engineering over recent decades. While the majority of vinblastine biosynthesis has been recently elucidated, the quest for comprehending ajmaline biosynthesis remains incomplete, marked by the absence of two critical enzymes. Here, we show the discovery and characterization of these two elusive reductases, alongside the identification of two physiologically relevant esterases that complete the biosynthesis of ajmaline. We show that ajmaline biosynthesis proceeds with vomilenine 1,2(
R
)-reduction followed by its 19,20(
S
)-reduction. This process is further modulated by two root-expressing esterases that deacetylate 17-
O
-acetylnorajmaline. Expanding upon the successful completion of the ajmaline biosynthetic pathway, we engineer the de novo biosynthesis of ajmaline in Baker’s yeast.
Ajmaline is an antiarrhythmic monoterpenoid indole alkaloid produced by the root of
Rauwolfia serpentina
. Here, the authors complete the ajmaline biosynthetic pathway by identifying two reductases and two esterases, and achieve the de novo ajmaline biosynthesis by engineering Baker’s yeast.
Journal Article
Impacts of Urban Green Landscape Patterns on Land Surface Temperature: Evidence from the Adjacent Area of Olympic Forest Park of Beijing, China
Urban green space has been considered as an ecological measure to mitigate urban heat islands (UHI). However, few studies investigate the cooling effect of the adjacent area of the urban park; as the transition region from a green space to a hardened surface where more complex heat exchange occurs, it deserves to be paid more attention. This paper examines the relationship between the urban greening patterns and the cooling effect in the surrounding areas of the Olympic Forest Park in Beijing. Results showed that the forestland and waterbodies could cool 6.51% and 12.82% of the impervious surface temperatures, respectively. For every 10% increase in the green space ratio, the land surface temperature drops by 0.4°C, and per kilometer increase in the distance from the forest park, the land surface temperature increases by 0.15 °C. The aggregation index (AI) and largest patch index (LPI) of the green space patterns presented a strong negative correlation with surface temperature. This study confirms the cooling effects in the adjacent area of the urban park and highlights their dependence on urban greening patterns. Therefore, we should not only develop more green spaces but also scientifically plan their spatial configuration in the limited urban land for the improvement of the cooling effect.
Journal Article
Study on the evolution and development path of educational technology under the background of new liberal arts construction
Educational technology is the most closely related discipline with information technology, which has made great contributions to the development of our country’s education. In the context of the new liberal arts construction, educational technology majors in our country face an important era topic. The new liberal arts in the modern sense is under the background of the new scientific and technological revolution. It emphasizes the integration of disciplines and the innovation of knowledge theory in the discipline connotation, and emphasizes the cultivation of all mankind in the goal and task, so as to guide and serve the needs of society. In view of this, this paper analyzes the transmutation status of educational technology in colleges and universities in our country under the background of the new liberal arts construction, and analyzes the development path from three aspects: understanding the data change of educational technology, valuing the integration of humanistic spirit teaching and passing on the outstanding traditional culture, so as to provide certain guidance for the society to cultivate professionals in educational technology.
Journal Article
Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? A global assessment
Land use and related pressures have reduced local terrestrial biodiversity, but it is unclear how the magnitude of change relates to the recently proposed planetary boundary (\"safe limit\"). We estimate that land use and related pressures have already reduced local biodiversity intactness–the average proportion of natural biodiversity remaining in local ecosystems–beyond its recently proposed planetary boundary across 58.1% of the world's land surface, where 71.4% of the human population live. Biodiversity intactness within most biomes (especially grassland biomes), most biodiversity hotspots, and even some wilderness areas is inferred to be beyond the boundary. Such widespread transgression of safe limits suggests that biodiversity loss, if unchecked, will undermine efforts toward long-term sustainable development.
Journal Article
A dual-selective thermal emitter with enhanced subambient radiative cooling performance
Radiative cooling is a zero-energy technology that enables subambient cooling by emitting heat into outer space (~3 K) through the atmospheric transparent windows. However, existing designs typically focus only on the main atmospheric transparent window (8–13 μm) and ignore another window (16–25 μm), under-exploiting their cooling potential. Here, we show a dual-selective radiative cooling design based on a scalable thermal emitter, which exhibits selective emission in both atmospheric transparent windows and reflection in the remaining mid-infrared and solar wavebands. As a result, the dual-selective thermal emitter exhibits an ultrahigh subambient cooling capacity (~9 °C) under strong sunlight, surpassing existing typical thermal emitters (≥3 °C cooler) and commercial counterparts (as building materials). Furthermore, the dual-selective sample also exhibits high weather resistance and color compatibility, indicating a high practicality. This work provides a scalable and practical radiative cooling design for sustainable thermal management.
Radiative cooling is a sustainable subambient cooling technology. Here, authors show a scalable and practical design of a dual-selective thermal emitter that is shown to have enhanced radiative cooling potential over existing typical designs.
Journal Article
Multidimensional structural and stoichiometric coordination strategies for drought adaptation in Calligonum leucocladum
Water limits plant growth and development in arid and semi-arid regions. The coordination among plant anatomy, stoichiometry, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSCs) content reflect complex coordination mechanisms related to resource allocation, environmental adaptation, and physiological functions. To elucidate the adaptation strategies between desert shrub resource utilization and drought adaptation, this study evaluated the anatomical structure, NSCs content, and stoichiometry of the assimilated branches of
Calligonum leucocladum
in two low salt habitats (humid and arid) near the Ebinur Lake Basin of Xinjiang, China. The thickness of water-storing tissues significantly increased by 69.13% in
C. leucocladum
under drought stress. The phosphorus (P) content and carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio increased significantly, while the C and N contents and C:P and N:P ratios decreased significantly, suggesting that
C. leucocladum
may preferentially absorbs P for energy metabolism at the expense of N metabolism to maintain mechanical resistance. The significantly higher soluble sugar/starch ratio indicated the rapid reallocation of C resources from the storage form (starch) to the functional form (soluble sugar) under water deficit. The phenotypic plasticity index showed that
C. leucocladum
rapidly optimized water transport and reduced the risk of embolism through the high plasticity of the vascular bundle diameter. The low plasticity in the P content was maintained to safeguard energy metabolism and cellular repair, relying on uptake from deep roots to alleviate P limitation.
C. leucocladum
has developed a synergistic adaptation mechanism to long-term drought through structural contraction (vascular bundles and conduits), metabolic resource reallocation (C tended toward water storage/defense structures), and preferential adjustment of P uptake, forming a synergistic adaptation mechanism to prolonged drought. This strategy reveals the survival–growth coordinate mechanism of desert plants under resource constraints.
Journal Article
Role of Treg cell subsets in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets
In the genesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases involving both innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation plays a pivotal and dual role. Studies in experimental animals indicate that certain immune responses are protective, while others exacerbate the disease. T-helper (Th) 1 cell immune responses are recognized as key drivers of inflammatory progression in cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, the CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are gaining increasing attention for their roles in inflammation and immune regulation. Given the critical role of Tregs in maintaining immune-inflammatory balance and homeostasis, abnormalities in their generation or function might lead to aberrant immune responses, thereby initiating pathological changes. Numerous preclinical studies and clinical trials have unveiled the central role of Tregs in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Here, we review the roles and mechanisms of Treg subsets in cardiovascular conditions like atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and remodeling, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. While the precise molecular mechanisms of Tregs in cardiac protection remain elusive, therapeutic strategies targeting Tregs present a promising new direction for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Journal Article
Expression patterns of Arabidopsis endo-β-1,4-glucanases and their putative roles in sexual reproduction
Background
Plant endoglucanases of glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GH9), which cleave 1,4-β-glucosidic bonds in glycan chains, have been shown to play pivotal roles in cellulose degradation, as well as in the relaxation or construction of cell walls during diverse plant growth and developmental processes. However, their specific functions in plant sexual reproduction remain unclear.
Results
In this study, we systematically analyzed expression profiles of the
GH9
gene family using in vivo observations of GFP-translational fusion proteins. Our results revealed that numerous
GH9
genes were expressed across both vegetative and reproductive tissues: 5 in stomata, 12 in roots, 11 in mature pollen and 15 in mature ovules or seeds. Further analysis of reproductive tissues uncovered distinct expression specificities:
GH9A4
as pollen-specific,
GH9B6
as sperm cell-specific,
GH9B12
as central cell- and endosperm cell-specific,
GH9B11
as enriched in pollen and chalazal endosperm, and
GH9B8
as vascular tissue-preferential. Additionally, GFP signals of up to 7 GH9 members were detected in the filiform apparatus, while 12 GH9 members showed signals in integuments and seed coats—hinting at diverse GH9 functions in reproduction. Furthermore, we conducted gene editing and phenotypic analysis on two subsets of
GH9
genes highly expressed in pollen. While in vivo pollen germination and growth were unaffected, in vitro germination rates decreased significantly when
GH9B5
,
GH9B7
, and
GH9A4
functionally deficient.
Conclusions
Taken together, this study highlights the potential roles of the GH9 family in pollen germination and establishes a foundation for future functional analyses aimed at elucidating the putative roles of the GH9 family in plant reproduction.
Journal Article