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Expression patterns of Arabidopsis endo-β-1,4-glucanases and their putative roles in sexual reproduction
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Expression patterns of Arabidopsis endo-β-1,4-glucanases and their putative roles in sexual reproduction
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Journal Article
Expression patterns of Arabidopsis endo-β-1,4-glucanases and their putative roles in sexual reproduction
2026
Overview
Background
Plant endoglucanases of glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GH9), which cleave 1,4-β-glucosidic bonds in glycan chains, have been shown to play pivotal roles in cellulose degradation, as well as in the relaxation or construction of cell walls during diverse plant growth and developmental processes. However, their specific functions in plant sexual reproduction remain unclear.
Results
In this study, we systematically analyzed expression profiles of the
GH9
gene family using in vivo observations of GFP-translational fusion proteins. Our results revealed that numerous
GH9
genes were expressed across both vegetative and reproductive tissues: 5 in stomata, 12 in roots, 11 in mature pollen and 15 in mature ovules or seeds. Further analysis of reproductive tissues uncovered distinct expression specificities:
GH9A4
as pollen-specific,
GH9B6
as sperm cell-specific,
GH9B12
as central cell- and endosperm cell-specific,
GH9B11
as enriched in pollen and chalazal endosperm, and
GH9B8
as vascular tissue-preferential. Additionally, GFP signals of up to 7 GH9 members were detected in the filiform apparatus, while 12 GH9 members showed signals in integuments and seed coats—hinting at diverse GH9 functions in reproduction. Furthermore, we conducted gene editing and phenotypic analysis on two subsets of
GH9
genes highly expressed in pollen. While in vivo pollen germination and growth were unaffected, in vitro germination rates decreased significantly when
GH9B5
,
GH9B7
, and
GH9A4
functionally deficient.
Conclusions
Taken together, this study highlights the potential roles of the GH9 family in pollen germination and establishes a foundation for future functional analyses aimed at elucidating the putative roles of the GH9 family in plant reproduction.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Analysis
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cellular signal transduction
/ CRISPR
/ Enzymes
/ Ethanol
/ Females
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ Genes
/ Genomes
/ Glycan
/ Ovules
/ Plants
/ Pollen
/ Proteins
/ Seeds
/ Sperm
/ Stomata
